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by Paul Bloom How do Americans spend their leisure time? The answer might surprise you. The most common voluntary activity is not eating, drinking alcohol, or taking drugs. It is not socializing with friends, participating in sports, or relaxing with...
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from TED Our lives, our cultures, are composed of many overlapping stories. Novelist Chimamanda Adichie tells the story of how she found her authentic cultural voice -- and warns that if we hear only a single story about another person or country, we...
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By Andrew Moseman | Discover Magazine "It would be an advertiser’s dream: knowing the exact location in your brain that indicates whether an ad has worked, and whether you intend to buy that cat food or wear that suntan lotion. Now, some researchers...
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By Dave Munger | Seed Magazine "Every morning around 9 or 10, I take a break from my work and do an online crossword puzzle. I’ve gotten pretty good at them: I can solve almost any puzzle without asking the computer for extra hints. I can even complete...
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By Pete Estep | Seed Magazine "Scarcely a decade has passed since scientists painstakingly sequenced the first bacterial genome, yet today automated human genome sequencing is becoming routine, heralding a new era of medicine. Replacement tissues...
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By Charles Q. Choi "The dozen students and scientists spread over an area called Furnace Creek looked like cyborgs in floppy hats scrabbling over the boulders. Before hammering chips off rocks, they inspected them with magnifying lenses held up next...
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ByMichael Balter "Language leaves no traces in the archaeological record, and many researchers have been doubtful about how much animal communication could reveal about the unique features of human communication. That began to change in the 1990s...
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by Ruud Custers and Henk Aarts People often act in order to realize desired outcomes, or goals. Although behavioral science recognizes that people can skillfully pursue goals without consciously attending to their behavior once these goals are set, conscious...
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By Daniel K. Campbell-Meiklejohn, Dominik R. Bach, Andreas Roepstorff, Raymond J. Dolan1 and Chris D. Frith "The opinions of others can easily affect how much we value things. We investigated what happens in our brain when we agree with others about...
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By James F. Sumowski, Glenn R. Wylie, DPhil, Nancy Chiaravalloti, and John DeLuca "Learning and memory impairments are prevalent among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, such deficits are only weakly associated with MS disease severity...
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By Emily B. Falk, Elliot T. Berkman, Traci Mann, Brittany Harrison, and Matthew D. Lieberman "Although persuasive messages often alter people's self-reported attitudes and intentions to perform behaviors, these self-reports do not necessarily...
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BY ANDREA SCARANTINO AND GUALTIERO PICCININI "According to the Veridicality Thesis, information requires truth. On this view, smoke carries information about there being a fire only if there is a fire, the proposition that the earth has two moons...
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By Alexandros Apostolou and Vasilis Koulaidis The aim of this paper is to study the epistemological views of science teachers for the following epistemological issues: scientific method, demarcation of scientific knowledge, change of scientific knowledge...
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By Dan Jones "Suppose you're a psychologist at a research university, trying to figure out what drives human behavior. You have devised simple, clever experiments in which people play economic games or perceive visual illusions, and you would...
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By Michael Shermer "Michael Shermer says the human tendency to believe strange things -- from alien abductions to dowsing rods -- boils down to two of the brain's most basic, hard-wired survival skills. He explains what they are, and how they...
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By Dave Munger in SEED "Women married to wealthier men say they experience more orgasms. People who say they watch more TV are more likely to die sooner. People who say they got more vaccines are more likely to say they got sick after getting them...
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By Ricardo DeAratanha from The Los Angeles Times "Why does our capacity to pick up skills like playing instruments or learning languages, to remember where we put our keys and a thousand other things, get poorer and poorer as we age? A study just...
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By Claudia Dreifus from The New York Times " Three years ago, when Oxford University Press published “Music, Language, and the Brain,” Oliver Sacks described it as “a major synthesis that will be indispensable to neuroscientists.” The author of that...
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By Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich , npr.org "If you've ever kept a journal, you've probably worried about someone coming across it and getting an uninvited peek into your personal life. But the daily traces we leave behind in our writings...
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By Tenzin Gyatso from The New York Times "Such tensions are likely to increase as the world becomes more interconnected and cultures, peoples and religions become ever more entwined. The pressure this creates tests more than our tolerance — it demands...
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By John Casti from NewScientist "Put simply, the mood of a group - an institution, state, continent or even the world - is how that group, as a group, feels about the future. Is the group optimistic or pessimistic? Clearly, this question must be...
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By Dani Dumitriu, Jiandong Hao, Yuko Hara, Jeffrey Kaufmann, William G. M. Janssen, Wendy Lou, Peter R. Rapp, and John H. Morrison Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) occurs in many mammalian species, including humans. In contrast to Alzheimer’s disease...
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By Joshua M. Ackerman, Christopher C. Nocera, John A. Bargh "Touch is both the first sense to develop and a critical means of information acquisition and environmental manipulation. Physical touch experiences may create an ontological scaffold for...
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We all know the story in which science supposedly demonstrates a Bumblebee only flies because it doesn’t know it can’t. I know the real story but like that one better because the bumblebee still goes about its daily tasks, unencumbered by knowing about...
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By Heidi M. Levitt and Daniel Williams "Eminent therapists across psychotherapy meta-orientations were asked to describe the processes by which they facilitate change in psychotherapy. A grounded theory analysis of these interviews was conducted...
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By Victor A. F. Lamme Is there consciousness in machines? Or in animals? What happens to consciousness when we are asleep, or in vegetative state? These are just a few examples of the many questions about consciousness that are troubling scientists and...
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by person y "quote ..." Read the article.
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By David Glenn from The Chronicle of Higher Education "That's one tiny way in which Dweck's theories might change higher education. But she also has grander hopes. Colleges could improve their students' learning, she says, if they relentlessly...
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From NewScientist. "The human brain is the most astoundingly complex structure in the known universe. Yet we are starting to unravel some of its mysteries, thanks to advances in brain imaging, genetics, stem cell research and more. We explore the...
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by Roderick Floud in Times Higher Education Demand is growing for the discipline's insights, but what does it need to meet it? Roderick Floud calls for tools to finish the job. Social scientists have argued for years that they can help society understand...
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By Rob Horning from PopMatters. "On 1 April of this year, the New York Times ran an article by Patricia Cohen about “neuro lit crit”—neurologically informed literary criticism, which some English professors hope will be the savior of their departments...
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by Richard Florida "A week or so ago, Newsweek 's Julia Baird pointed to my analysis of the connection between national happiness and tolerance. That reminded me and my MPI colleagues of the Heritage Foundation's Economic Freedom Index ....
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By David Berreby from Big Think. "If you want to rile up a biologist and have no pointed stick handy, try this: Tell her that chemistry or physics are "harder," more fundamentally "sciencey" sciences than hers. "You can't...
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By Dr. Judith Rich from The Huffington Post. "I just returned from the Wisdom 2.0 conference, held last weekend in Mountain View, CA at the Computer History Museum. Hoping to discover more about wisdom, I came away with a new understanding and appreciation...
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By Iddo Landau from Metapsychology. " The field of what David Benatar aptly calls Analytic Existentialism, that is, the examination of themes traditionally discussed by existentialists with the tools of analytic philosophy, is of growing importance...
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By George Whitesides from TED "Simplicity: We know it when we see it -- but what is it, exactly? In this funny, philosophical talk, George Whitesides chisels out an answer." Watch the video .
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by Marco A. Janssen, Robert Holahan, Allen Lee, and Elinor Ostrom Governance of social-ecological systems is a major policy problem of the contemporary era. Field studies of fisheries, forests, and pastoral and water resources have identified many variables...
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By Stephanie Schnorbus Most historians agree there was a shift away from Calvinism and toward Enlightenment thought during the eighteenth century. When discussing that shift in relation to children's literature or education, some historians use The...
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By Christopher Cannon In an essay in which he explored the nature of the proverb, Kenneth Burke wondered why it would not be possible to 'extend such analysis … to encompass the whole field of literature'. For Burke, the possibility for such extension...
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By Tom Abeles Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the emerging science of complexity and the rise of fast computational capabilities on human understanding of the world and the implications for education. Design/methodology...
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By Kurt C. Strange The information age presents great opportunity to move from data to information to knowledge and potentially to go further to generate understanding and wisdom. As information is generated in ever smaller segments, however, and as we...
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By Eerik Lagerspetz There is a permanent tension between the requirements of substantive goodness or wisdom and those of formal legitimacy in public decision-making. This article charts the various attempts to reconcile the two requirements within decision...
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By Lewis Asimeng-Boahene Preparing children to function effectively as global citizens in today's complex and ethnically polarized nations and the world, will require students who think critically about the knowledge of the histories, experiences...
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The article, written by Defining Wisdom grantee Deborah Coen , reviews several books on the history of weather, including "Hurricanes and Society in the British Greater Caribbean, 1624-1783," by Matthew Mulcahy, "British Weather and the...
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by N Robson and D Rew AIM: To describe systems for capturing and optimising collective knowledge and insight in areas of complexity and uncertainty in surgical oncology, with particular reference to the Delphi process and related systems. METHODS: Internet...
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By Philip J. Barnard The dominant conceptualization of working memory distinguishes mechanisms that handle auditory‐verbal and visuospatial representations from central executive resources that control and guide them. A straightforward case can be made...
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By Stanley H. Ambrose The evolution of modern human behavior was undoubtedly accompanied by neurological changes that enhanced capacities for innovation in technology, language, and social organization associated with working memory. Constructive memory...
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By April Nowell Hominin evolution is the result of complex interactions of biology and behavior within particular physical, social, and cultural environments. While evolution takes place at the species level, species are made up of individuals engaging...
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Claudia Preuschhof, Torsten Schubert, Arno Villringer, and Hauke R. Heekeren Neurophysiological data suggest that the integration of prior information and incoming sensory evidence represents the neural basis of the decision-making process. Here, we aimed...
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Meaning and Value in a Secular Age: Why Eupraxsophy Matters The Writngs of Paul Kurtz Edited by Nathan Bupp The term eupraxsophy was first coined and introduced by Paul Kurtz in 1988 to characterize a secular orientation to life that stands in contrast...
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By Lama Surya Das from The Huffington Post . "Wisdom is an endangered natural resource today in our Over-Information Age, where knowledge is rising and genuine sagacity increasingly rare. If we wish to become wiser and more sane, we'd do well...
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By Abby Goodnough from The New York Times. "A few times each month, second graders at a charter school in Springfield, Mass., take time from math and reading to engage in philosophical debate. There is no mention of Hegel or Descartes, no study of...
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By Soren Gordhamer from The Huffington Post. "It is by most estimates an odd group to bring together ... the Vice President of Engineering at Twitter, the Vice President of Products at Google, along with a Zen teacher, and editors from the Huffington...
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By Ray Fisman from Slate. "Psychologists and behavioral economists hope that our tendency to benchmark our own achievements using the performance of others might provide a way to encourage Americans to become better citizens. Can the fear of being...
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By Diana Beresford-Kroeger from Seed. "Combine these two archetypes and you get an unusual hybrid organism, a self-described “renegade scientist.” Beresford-Kroeger, a native of Ireland, melds aboriginal healing, Western medicine, and botany in her...
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By Greg Miller "Most people have so-called flashbulb memories of where they were and what they were doing when something momentous happened: the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, say, or the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger. (Unfortunately...
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By Eben Harrell "You've probably heard it before: the brain is a muscle that can be strengthened. It's an assumption that has spawned a multimillion-dollar computer-game industry of electronic brainteasers and memory games. But in the largest...
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by Jesse Bering from Scientific American "Suspend disbelief for a moment and imagine that you have agreed, as a secret agent in some confidential military operation, to travel back in time to the year 1894. To your astonishment, it’s a success! And...
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by Michael Shermer in Scientific American "In the 1922 poem The Waste Land , T. S. Eliot writes, cryptically: Who is the third who always walks beside you?/When I count, there are only you and I together /But when I look ahead up the white road/There...
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By Dave Munger from Seed. "The recent fatal attack of a SeaWorld trainer by the orca Tilikum has led to renewed questions about how humans should deal with potentially intelligent animals. Was Tilikum’s action premeditated, and how should that possibility...
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By Genevieve Wanucha from Seed. "Laughter, real laugh-till-you-cry laughter, is one of many human emotional expressions. Arguably, laughing and its tearful counterpart, crying, are the loudest, most intrusive non-linguistic expressions of our species...
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By Clare Carlisle from Gaurdian. "In order to answer these questions, we need to look back at the philosophical tradition that Kierkegaard inherited. The dominant view within this tradition, from Plato and Aristotle through to Descartes, Spinoza...
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By Ulla Schmi from Metapsychology. "Lucy O'Brien's and Matthew Soteriou's Mental Actions accounts for a phenomenon that has been a stepchild to both Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Action: Mental Action. One anthology later, that...
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By Raymond Geuss from The Point. "I have what I have always held to be a mildly discreditable day job, that of teaching philosophy at a university. I take it to be discreditable because about 85 percent of my time and energy is devoted to training...
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By Keith Ansell Pearson This chapter seeks to make a contribution to the growing interest in Nietzsche's relation to traditions of therapy in philosophy that has emerged in recent years. It is in the texts of his middle period (1878–82) that Nietzsche's...
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By Karim-Aly Kassam How is book-learning at university made relevant to societal needs? What pedagogical framework helps to transform students from those who know about major challenges of the twenty-first century to those who know how to respond to such...
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By Robert Ricco, Sara Schuyten Pierce and Connie Medinilla This study seeks to establish the relevance of middle school students’ naïve beliefs about knowledge and learning in science to their achievement motivation in this domain. A predominantly Hispanic...
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by Joachim Vosgerau People appear to be unrealistically optimistic about their future prospects, as reflected by theory and research in the fields of psychology, organizational behavior, behavioral economics, and behavioral finance. Many real-world examples...
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By Christina Van *** The reintroduction of aristotle's Analytics to the Latin West—in particular, the reintroduction of the Posterior Analytics —forever altered the course of medieval epistemological discussions. 1 In the memorable words of Jonathan...
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by Hunt Allcott and Sendhil Mullainathan The article discusses energy efficiency, human behavior, and research on both. The authors opine that behavioral sciences can be used to develop business and policy innovations. The article discusses relevant research...
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by Luhrmann, T. M., Nusbaum, Howard, Thisted, Ronald In this article, we use a combination of ethnographic data and empirical methods to identify a process called “absorption,” which may be involved in contemporary Christian evangelical prayer practice...
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by Avraham D. Tabbach This article argues that the law should sometimes encourage offenders to incur costs to avoid punishment. Avoidance, such as concealment of evidence, perjury, or obstruction of justice, is generally deemed socially undesirable because...
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by Gordon Sammut and George Gaskell The challenge of intercultural relations has become an important issue in many societies. In spite of the claimed value of intercultural diversity, successful outcomes as predicted by the contact hypothesis are but...
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by Tim Rakow and Ben R. Newell A striking finding has emerged recently in the literature: When decision makers are faced with essentially the same choice, their preferences differ as a function of whether options are described or are “experienced” via...
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Nicholas W. Simon , Candi L. LaSarge , Karienn S. Montgomery , Matthew T. Williams , Ian A. Mendez , Barry Setlow , Jennifer L. Bizon The ability to make advantageous choices among outcomes that differ in magnitude, probability, and delay until their...
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by Leon de Kock "The conceit is often adopted in the strategic performance of public wisdom - oracular, figurative, enunciating visions and versions of self as well as community - that truth is looming, that it is there to be embraced in self-evidently...
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by Elena G. Patsenko , Erik M. Altmann Routine human behavior has often been attributed to plans—mental representations of sequences goals and actions—but can also be attributed to more opportunistic interactions of mind and a structured environment....
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Heinz Welsch and Jan Kühling This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the hypothesis of decision error in environmental-friendly consumption. Existing evidence suggests that people make systematic mistakes in affective forecasting that lead...
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by John L. Cordery, David Morrison, Brett M. Wright, Toby D. Wal In this paper, we seek to account for modest and inconsistent empirical support for a positive relationship between team autonomy and team performance by proposing that team task uncertainty...
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By Dharm P. S. Bhawuk The epistemology of Indian Psychology (IP) is akin to that of Indian Philosophy or in general the Indian world view of knowledge, truth and belief about making sense of the self and the world. In this article, the epistemological...
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By Gregory Arief D. Liem, Allan B. I. Bernardo Using the theory of planned behavior or TPB (Ajzen, 2005) as a general framework, the study examines the role of Indonesian students’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing (epistemological beliefs...
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By Suzanna Smith The very title of Eva Brann's book suggests the extent to which "our feelings" is a topic at once familiar and unknown. The title could have been "Feeling Your Feelings" or simply "Feeling Feelings,"...
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By Yvonne Howell Are we innately superstitious? Is it possible for even the most hardened atheist-existentialist not see the hand of destiny, traffic deities, or other disembodied psychological agents when a fortuitous parking spot transforms his life...
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By Eric Baylin The article is a personal account of my engagement with some recent neuroscientific theory put forth by Mary Helen Immordino‐Yang (University of Southern California) about the integral relationship between emotion and cognition. Specifically...
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By Thorsten Botz-Bornstein The Chinese concept of wen is examined here in the context of contemporary gene theory and the "cultural branch" of gene theory called "memetics." The Chinese notion of wen is an untranslatable term meaning...
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By Brian J. Bruya Scholars working in philosophy of action still struggle with the freedom/determinism dichotomy that stretches back to Hellenist philosophy and the metaphysics that gave rise to it. Although that metaphysics has been repudiated in current...
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By Jayna L. Ditty and Philip A. Rolnick Since 1859, with the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species , biology has increasingly challenged comfortable theological assumptions. Being convinced, however, that evolutionary biology and theology...
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By Dilip V. Jeste, Monika Ardelt, Dan Blazer, Helena C. Kraemer, George Vaillant and Thomas W. Meeks Purpose: Wisdom has received increasing attention in empirical research in recent years, especially in gerontology and psychology, but consistent definitions...
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By Christopher McMahon The paper distinguishes two ways of understanding a wise society. A society can be wise by virtue of possessing mostly true evaluative beliefs. Or it can be wise by virtue of employing rational procedures of collective belief formation...
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By Jack Reynolds While there is a great diversity of treatments of other minds and inter-subjectivity within both analytic and continental philosophy, this article specifies some of the core structural differences between these treatments. Although there...
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From TED "Using examples from vacations to colonoscopies, Nobel laureate and founder of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman reveals how our "experiencing selves" and our "remembering selves" perceive happiness differently. This...
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by David Munger from Seed Magazine "Medical writer Tom Rees devotes his blog Epiphenom to the scientific study of religion. Last week he examined a study on the relationship between intelligence and religious belief. Published in Social Psychology...
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Daniel M. Hausman and Brynn Welch One of the hottest ideas in current policy debates is “libertarian paternalism,” the design of policies that push individuals toward better choices without limiting their liberty. In their recent book, Nudge, Richard...
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By Ralph Adolphs Social neuroscience has been enormously successful and is making major contributions to fields ranging from psychiatry to economics. Yet deep and interesting conceptual challenges abound. Is social information processing domain specific...
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By Qiu J, Li H, Jou J, Liu J, Luo Y, Feng T, and Wu Z, Zhang Q. "In the present study, we used learning-testing paradigm to examine brain activation of "Aha" effects with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during...
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By Cheng-hung Tsai Epistemology of language, a branch of both epistemology and the philosophy of language, asks what knowledge of language consists in. In this paper, I argue that such an inquiry is a pointless enterprise due to its being based upon the...
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Stephen S. Hall "A compelling investigation into one of our most coveted and cherished ideals, and the efforts of modern science to penetrate the mysterious nature of this timeless virtue. We all recognize wisdom, but defining it is more elusive...
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by Igor Grossmann, Jinkyung Na, Michael E. W. Varnum, Denise C. Park, Shinobu Kitayama, and Richard E. Nisbett It is well documented that aging is associated with cognitive declines in many domains. Yet it is a common lay belief that some aspects of thinking...
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Stephan Schleim , Tade M. Spranger , Susanne Erk, Henrik Walter Various kinds of normative judgments are an integral part of everyday life. We extended the scrutiny of social cognitive neuroscience into the domain of legal decisions, investigating two...
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From TED "Using examples from vacations to colonoscopies, Nobel laureate and founder of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman reveals how our "experiencing selves" and our "remembering selves" perceive happiness differently. This...
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Vladas Griskevicius, Joshua M. Tybur, Bram Van den Bergh Why do people purchase proenvironmental “green” products? We argue that buying such products can be construed as altruistic, since green products often cost more and are of lower quality than their...
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The focus on complexity as a problem of the financial meltdown of 2008–2009 suggests that crisis is in part epistemological: we now know enough about financial and economic systems to be threatened by their complexity, but not enough to relieve our fears...
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I have created a blog site where I will be uploading all my published and unpublished work plus Estories and Ebooks. To access these please go Charles Stirton's profile which lists the entries. The hotlink is situated just below the photograph.
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by Adam Hadhazy from Scientific American "As Olympians go for the gold in Vancouver, even the steeliest are likely to experience that familiar feeling of "butterflies" in the stomach. Underlying this sensation is an often-overlooked network...
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by Melinda Wenner from Scientific American " Fantasizing about sex gets more than just your juices flowing—it also boosts your analytical thinking skills. Daydreaming about love, on the other hand, makes you more creative, according to a study published...
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"Barabási mathematically describes networks in the World Wide Web, the internet, the human body, and society at large. Fowler seeks to identify the social and biological links that define us as humans. In this video Salon, Barabási and Fowler discuss...
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by Philip Ball from Nature News "Medieval monarchies might not have had many things to recommend them compared with liberal democracies, but here's one: our rulers have no Fools. How often now will a national leader employ someone to laugh at...
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By Richard E. Cytowic in Seed Magazine "From my perspective as a neurologist who studies minds and as a creative writer who imagines characters’ inner lives, Virginia Woolf’s mind is a marvel to behold. No two books are alike. “Not this, not that...
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by Celeste Biever in New Scientist "THE inner voice of people who appear unconscious can now be heard. For the first time, researchers have struck up a conversation with a man diagnosed as being in a vegetative state. All they had to do was monitor...
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by Natalie Angier in The New York Times "The theory of relativity showed us that time and space are intertwined. To which our smarty-pants body might well reply: Tell me something I didn’t already know, Einstein. Researchers at the University of...
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by Evan Lerner in Seed Magazine "When Max Lugavere and Jason Silva met at the University of Miami, they were two young idealists who found common ground in film, psychology, and philosophy. But when Al Gore announced his plans to start a TV network...
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By Aditya Chakrabortty from The Guardian "Of all the virtues, heroism is now the most remote. Heroes are either mythic or historical characters (Achilles or Gandhi) or they are superhuman (Spider-Man, or even 9/11 firefighters). What they are not...
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By William Saletan from Slate. "Here's a real-life horror story: Five people have been found buried alive inside their bodies. Paralyzed by brain injuries, they lay inert for years, seemingly oblivious to the doctors and loved ones around them...
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By Robert A. Delfino from The Global Spiral. " The last three centuries have witnessed the great rise of the empirical sciences, such as physics and biology. Indeed, who can deny the extraordinary achievements of science? The technology that we rely...
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By Jonny Thakkar from The Point. "Popular science is part of popular culture: our shelves teem with tomes that flatter and patronize us in equal measure, and every fallen senator is the victim of his genes. But what about popular philosophy? Is there...
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By Rob Sharp from The Independent. "You sit cross-legged on a bamboo mat, soften your breathing and attempt to extract solace from the wisdom of one of the world's great philosophers. You read aloud from a recent translation of his work: "Learning...
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from American Scientist by Robert L. Dorit In biology, as in technology, we should not confuse persistence with perfection "A simplified, and ultimately misleading, account of the evolutionary process argues that natural selection inexorably leads...
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Founded on the Wisdom research of Elle Allison, Ph.D, Renewal Coaching is sponsoring a conference in Albuquerque NM on March 19-24 (come for two day increments of for all six days). The first two days (March 19-20) are for leaders at all levels who want...
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by Neha Khetrapal Perceptual load hypothesis is proposed as a compromise between early and late theory of selective attention which states that the selection will operate early when the load on perception is high and it will operate late when the load...
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Jennifer R. Henretty, Heidi M. Levitt Over 90% of therapists self-disclose to clients (Mathews, 1989; Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987; Edwards & Murdock, 1994), however, the implications of therapist self-disclosure are unclear, with highly...
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(A Collaborative Project of the Institute for 21st Century Agoras) "The Talking Point is all about how people learn within groups. People can be much smarter than crowds if you measure “smart” as decision-making speed. Crowds can be much wiser than...
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Elizabeth Tricomi, Antonio Rangel, Colin F. Camerer, John P. O’Doherty A popular hypothesis in the social sciences is that humans have social preferences to reduce inequality in outcome distributions because it has a negative impact on their experienced...
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by Simon M. Laham, Sonavi Chopra, Mansur Lalljee, Brian Parkinson Reactions to moral transgressions are subject to influence at both the cultural and individual levels. Transgressions against an individual's rights or against social conventions of...
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Justin Greaves, Wyn Grant This article argues that interdisciplinary collaboration can offer significant intellectual gains to political science in terms of methodological insights, questioning received assumptions and providing new perspectives on subject...
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by James Forbes and S. Murat Kara A comprehensive investment literacy questionnaire surveyed potential sources (viz., knowledge, confidence) of investing self-efficacy in a large sample of working adults. As expected, the effect of investment knowledge...
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by Thalia R. Goldstein, Katherine Wu, Ellen Winner Actors must imagine themselves in a different world: they must adopt the perspective of multiple characters, grasp their beliefs and intentions, and feel their emotions. In this study we tested the hypothesis...
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In this chapter we examine how effective leadership varies across national and cultural boundaries. Specifically, we ask what elements of leadership are core and more universal across these boundaries? The foundation of our approach is the notion that...
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This article begins Considering the complexity of the world situation and the large number of problems that humanity faces, the task of achieving a heaven on earth seems daunting. Where does one start? Is there by any chance a simplifying element, a focal...
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by David Roberts from Grist "When it comes to energy, policymakers are often confronted with human behavior that seems irrational, unpredictable, or unmanageable. Advocates for energy efficiency in particular are plagued by the gap between what it...
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by Ray Tallis from New Scientist "Most neuroscientists, philosophers of the mind and science journalists feel the time is near when we will be able to explain the mystery of human consciousness in terms of the activity of the brain. There is, however...
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by Janelle Weaver for Wired Science "Social butterflies who shine at parties may get their edge from special genes that make them experts at recognizing faces. Scientists have found the strongest evidence to date that genes govern how well we keep...
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by Clive Thompson from Wired Magazine "Can you persuade someone to like a product by telling them that it’s popular? Do teenagers like Taylor Swift because she’s good or because everyone else they know likes her — so hey, she must be good, right...
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by Ed Yong and Alice Fishburn from Seed Magazine "Imagine if you could rewrite your mind as quickly as a document on your computer. No more painful memories, no phobias or ingrained fears, just a blank slate where the scars that mark each human life...
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by Lorna Casselton and James Wilsdon for Seed Magazine "Last week, top scientists from more than 100 countries gathered in London for one of the biggest scientific meetings of the year: the InterAcademy Panel. Hosted by the Royal Society as part...
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by Elizabeth Landau for CNN "Henry Molaison, known as H.M. in scientific literature, was perhaps the most famous patient in all of brain science in the 20th century. "My daddy's family came from the South and moved North, they came from...
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by Abby Callard for Smithsonian "You were a tenured professor at the University of New Hampshire and you left to pursue filmmaking in Hollywood. Why? Storytelling. As I look back on the past 30 years, I realize that the single biggest thing that...
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by Eric Jaffe for the Los Angeles Times "If your doctor advised a treatment that involved leeches and bloodletting, you might take a second glance at that diploma on the wall. For the same reason, you should think twice about whom you see as a therapist...
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By Sholto Byrnes from NewStatesman. "The rate of HIV infection in Kenya is one of the highest in the world, but safer sex is at last being adopted – and it is religious groups that are leading the way, in a new spirit of openness and acceptance....
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by Caroline Bassett, The Wisdom Institute "Recently, on a trip East from my home in Minnesota, my sister and I visited a 101-year-old friend of the family, an exemplar of elder wisdom, who lives in rural Massachusetts. Aunt Jane, as we called her...
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by Robert Frank, Wall Street Journal "Until now, little has been known about the field of wealth counseling. It is highly fragmented, informal and, by nature, discreet. (Lawyers used to do much of this work, until billable hours and caseload became...
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by John Tierney, NYT "When does the wisdom of crowds give way to the meanness of mobs? In the 1990s, Jaron Lanier was one of the digital pioneers hailing the wonderful possibilities that would be realized once the Internet allowed musicians, artists...
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by Alison Gopnik, New York Times Book Review "At this very moment, you are actually moving your eyes over a white page dotted with black marks. Yet you feel that you are simply lost in the universe of The New York Times Book Review, alert to the...
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By Darold A. Treffert and Daniel D. Christensen Kim Peek possesses one of the most extraordinary memories ever recorded. Until we can explain his abilities, we cannot pretend to understand human cognition "When J. Langdon Down first described savant...
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by Umberto Eco in The New York Times "Almost by chance I recently happened to witness two similar scenes: a 15-year-old girl who was engrossed in a book of art reproductions, and two 15-year-old boys who were enthralled to be visiting the Louvre...
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by John Lehrer in The Wall Street Journal "Willpower, like a bicep, can only exert itself so long before it gives out; it's an extremely limited mental resource. Given its limitations, New Year's resolutions are exactly the wrong way to change...
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by Maura Pilotti in Metapsychology Online Reviews "For Carl F. Craver, the philosophy of neuroscience has a labor-intensive and challenging objective to realize and a fundamental truth to reveal. Its objective is to make explicit the 'widely...
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by Richard Woods and Chris Hastings from Times Online "The speed of modern life is 2.3 words per second, or about 100,000 words a day. That is the verbiage bombarding the average person in the 12 hours they are typically awake and “consuming” information...
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by Christoffer van Tulleken from Times Online "I have a clone, something not only genetically identical to me but that has shared most of my experiences, up to the end of our time together at medical school. Having a clone can be a blessing and a...
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by Hal Arkowitz and Scott O. Lilienfeld from Scientific American "In 1984 Kirk Bloodsworth was convicted of the rape and murder of a nine-year-old girl and sentenced to the gas chamber—an outcome that rested largely on the testimony of five eyewitnesses...
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by Carina Storrs in Scientific American "Some people seem to have it all, mentally speaking—strong math and verbal skills, a keen memory and good spatial sense. This gift could be chalked up to good "generalist genes," or genes that affect...
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by Jonah Lehrer in The Frontal Cortex "I've written before about the importance of daydreaming and the so-called default, or resting state network, which seems to underlie some important features of human cognition.Instead of being shackled to...
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by Nick Paumgarten "Like many who have come before, [John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods] says that it was only when he started a business--when he had to meet payroll and deal with government red tape--that his political and economic views, fed on readings...
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by Benedict Carey for The New York Times "Scientists are not sure how the brain tracks time. One theory holds that it has a cluster of cells specialized to count off intervals of time; another that a wide array of neural processes act as an internal...
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by Benedict Carey from The New York Times "For much of the last century, educators and many scientists believed that children could not learn math at all before the age of five, that their brains simply were not ready. But recent research has turned...
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review by Michael Bérubé from American Scientist "Let me explain a thing or two about humanists like me. There are legions of us who reach for our guns when we hear the word genome. That’s because we’re all too familiar with the history of eugenics...
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Marc Hauser and Justin Wood We synthesize the contrasting predictions of motor simulation and teleological theories of action comprehension and present evidence from a series of studies showing that monkeys and apes—like humans—extract the meaning of...
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Reka Daniel and Stefan Pollmann The dopaminergic system is known to play a central role in reward-based learning (Schultz, 2006), yet it was also observed to be involved when only cognitive feedback is given (Aron et al., 2004). Within the domain of information...
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Christopher Hemond, Rachel M. Brown, Edwin M. Robertson Humans have a prodigious capacity to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Being distracted while, for example, performing a complex motor skill adds complexity to a task and thus leads to a performance...
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Peter Suedfeld, Rajiv Jhangiani Using integrative complexity scoring, the current study addresses how communications by leaders of India and Pakistan have revealed their information processing and decision-making strategies. The hostility between India...
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Jeffrey Church The ever-growing body of literature on civil society can benefit from a return to the original theoretical articulation and defense of the concept in the work of G.W.F. Hegel. Specifically, this article suggests that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's...
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Laura Sizer Happiness is something we all want and strive for. But what is it and why do we want it so badly? Philosophers have offered two sorts of answers to the first question, identifying happiness either with a psychological state or condition (a...
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Simon T. Kaye Counterfactualism is a useful process for historians as a thought-experiment because it offers grounds to challenge an unfortunate contemporary historical mindset of assumed, deterministic certainty. This article suggests that the methodological...
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Shannon Spaulding Recently, philosophers and psychologists defending the embodied cognition research program have offered arguments against mindreading as a general model of our social understanding. The embodied cognition arguments are of two kinds:...
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Susannah B. F. Paletz , Christian D. Schunn The psychology of science typically lacks integration between cognitive and social variables. We present a new framework of team innovation in multidisciplinary science and engineering groups that ties factors...
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By Rachel Barr, Alexis Lauricella, Elizabeth Zack, Sandra L. Calvert. This study described the relations among the amount of child-directed versus adult-directed television exposure at ages 1 and 4 with cognitive outcomes at age 4. Sixty parents completed...
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Jorge F. del Valle, Amaia Bravo, Mónica López The authors carried out an assessment of social support networks with a sample of 884 Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 17. The main goal was to analyze the development of the figures of parents and peers as...
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Joan Y. Chiao , Tokiko Harada , Hidetsugu Komeda , Zhang Li , Yoko Mano , Daisuke Saito , Todd B. Parrish , Norihiro Sadato and Tetsuya Iidaka People living in multicultural environments often encounter situations which require them to acquire different...
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Wise Counsel Research, Inc., a Massachusetts public charity run by wisdom grantee Keith Whitaker, has released a new report on the role of wisdom in wealth advising. He and his colleagues have collected the data for this report through structured interviews...
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by Todd Duncan at The Global Spiral "A feeling of alienation is a common reaction to modern scientific descriptions of the cosmos. As journalist Bryan Appleyard (1992) expresses it, “On the maps provided by science, we find everything except ourselves...
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by Ron Rosenbaum from Slate "There's a certain kind of mystery—unsolved and probably insoluble—that has a seductive attraction for me. I think the insolubility is the attraction. Historical and literary mysteries: What was the origin of Hitler's...
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by Terry Eagleton from New Statesman For Walter Benjamin, history was more than a series of dispassionate facts. He showed how the struggle for the past shapes our future. "The German philosopher Walter Benjamin had the curious notion that we could...
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By Lisa Grossman in Wired "Staying socially connected may be just as important for public health as washing your hands and covering your cough. A new study suggests that feelings of loneliness can spread through social networks like the common cold...
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by William Ecenbarger in Smithsonian "In the middle of the last century, Volvo began seeking improvements to seat belts to protect drivers and passengers in its vehicles. When the Swedish automaker tried a single strap over the belly, the result...
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by Greg Laden in Seed "In the movie “Face/Off” when John Travolta and Nicolas Cage stared at each other following face-switching surgery, we were meant to understand that both men had a very uncanny feeling. Seeing a copy of oneself that isn’t quite...
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Video production by Jacob Klein on Seed "In the 1970s, a Harvard class taught by Robert Trivers ignited a controversy that would escalate into the "sociobiology wars." Across town at MIT, Noam Chomsky had earned a reputation as a leading...
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In Psychology in the News "Why did the *** hate the Jews? Why did the Hutus hate the Tutsis? Hate is everywhere, but the fundamental question of why one person can hate another has never been adequately studied, contends Jim Mohr of Gonzaga University...
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by Bella DePaulo in Psychology Today "So suppose I meet someone for the first time, let's say a man, who believes that single people are miserable and lonely and want nothing more than to become unsingle. He has no particular animus toward me...
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by Stephen Mason in Psychology Today "Why is it that, except for Thomas Edison, it's mostly the young who invent new things? Interestingly enough, Thomas Edison was far more of an innovator than an inventor and this was especially true in his...
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Science Daily "Societal and technological changes have taken place at a dizzying pace over recent decades. A new cross-cultural study aimed to determine whether these dramatic changes have had an effect on the thinking skills that are learned over...
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Nivien Saleh Positivism dominates research in U.S. political science. I will show that even though critical realism is virtually unknown in the discipline, realist concepts have found their way into debates among qualitative methodologists. The analysis...
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Miriam Matthews , Shana Levin , Jim Sidanius Using data from a longitudinal study of college students, this study assessed the relationships among the threat perceptions of realistic threat and intergroup anxiety, the ideological motives of system justification...
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Chang-Jiang Liu, Shu Li Research on the construction of self and of others has indicated that the way that individuals construe themselves and others exerts an important influence on their cognition, emotion, and even behavior. The present study extends...
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Ryan T. McKay, Daniel C. Dennett From an evolutionary standpoint, a default presumption is that true beliefs are adaptive and misbeliefs maladaptive. But if humans are biologically engineered to appraise the world accurately and to form true beliefs,...
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George Ainslie The radical evolutionary step that divides human decision-making from that of nonhumans is the ability to excite the reward process for its own sake, in imagination. Combined with hyperbolic over-valuation of the present, this ability is...
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Pascal Boyer A large amount of research in cognitive psychology is focused on memory distortions, understood as deviations from various (largely implicit) standards. Many alleged distortions actually suggest a highly functional system that balances the...
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Patricia Mooney Nickel Painting in fin-de-siècle Vienna, like public intellectuality in fin-de-siècle America, was an act of portrayal at a time when artists then, like intellectuals today, composed in an environment characterized by rapid technological...
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Brian Steensland The "cultural turn" that swept across the social sciences a generation ago ushered in renewed attention to the cultural analysis of politics. Yet despite this growing area of research, there remains a lack of integration between...
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Seana Moran Purpose is an internal compass that integrates engagement in activities that affect others, self-awareness of one's reasons, and the intention to continue these activities. We argue that purpose represents giftedness in intrapersonal intelligence...
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Melissa J. Ferguson and Vivian Zayas Humans continuously evaluate aspects of their environment (people, objects, places) in an automatic fashion (i.e., unintentionally, rapidly). Such evaluations can be highly adaptive, triggering behavioral responses...
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Heidi M. Levitt, Woraporn Rattanasampan, Sean Suwichit, Caroline Stanley, Tamara Robinson This qualitative study provides an understanding of how and when individuals experience transformational change as a consequence of reading narratives. Six participants...
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Barbara Fawcett, Maurice Hanlon In Australia and the United Kingdom over the past two decades, the way human service professionals have been involved in ‘communities’, whether defined by ‘place’, ‘interest’ or ‘exclusion’, has varied with the political...
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Susana Batel and Paula Castro This paper discusses the potential of the notions of reification and consensualization as developed by the theory of social representations as analytical tools for addressing the communication between the lay and scientific...
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Colin Campbell The concept of agency, although central to many sociological debates, has remained frustratingly elusive to pin down. This article is an attempt to open up what has been called the "black box" of personal agency by distinguishing...
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Francois Collet In this article, I revisit Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus and contrast it with Herbert Simon's notion of bounded rationality. Through a discussion of the literature of economic sociology on status and Fligstein's political...
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By Nicholas Maxwell. What ought to be the aims of science? How can science best serve humanity? What would an ideal science be like, a science that is sensitively and humanely responsive to the needs, problems and aspirations of people? How ought the...
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Annabelle Lever This article shows that judicial review has a democratic justification, although it is not necessary for democratic government and its virtues are controversial and often speculative. Against critics like Waldron and Bellamy, it shows...
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Kristen Renwick Monroea, William Chiua, Adam Martina and Bridgette Portman We contribute to a greater understanding of political psychology by 1) collecting data in a more systematic way for the intellectual community, 2) sensitizing students to the extent...
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Jacob Hacker A review of The Measure of America: American Human Development Report, 2008-2009 , by Sarah Burd-Sharps, Kristen Lewis, and Eduardo Borges Martins. Reports from abroad on the American condition have a special place in the canon of social...
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By Daniel G. Campos I discuss the epistemic conditions for the possibility of mathematical discovery that are implied by Peirce’s logic of mathematical inquiry. Peirce describes the mathematician’s reasoning abilities as the powers of imagination, concentration...
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By Lori Gruen Val Plumwood urged us to attend to earth others in non-dualistic ways. In this essay I suggest that such attention be promoted through what I call "engaged empathy." Engaged empathy involves critical attention to the conditions...
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By Lauren Barlow Elie Wiesel's Souls on Fire , released in 1972, is a personal retelling of the lives and legends of the early Hasidic masters of Eastern Europe. The novel begins with the movement's founder, the Baal Shem, and chronicles the rise...
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By Hayrettín Yücesoy This article discusses the translation of ancient Greek, Indian, and Persian texts of philosophy and sciences into Arabic from the eighth through the tenth centuries c.e. In particular, it addresses the issue of how ancient sciences...
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Maximilien Chaumon , Denis Schwartz and Catherine Tallon-Baudry Oscillatory synchrony in the gamma band (30–120 Hz) has been involved in various cognitive functions including conscious perception and learning. Explicit memory encoding, in particular,...
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Francesca Gino, Lisa L. Shu and Max H. Bazerman People often make judgments about the ethicality of others’ behaviors and then decide how harshly to punish such behaviors. When they make these judgments and decisions, sometimes the victims of the unethical...
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Leslie E. Anderson Parties can be a crucial to democratic function but not all parties or party systems are democratic. Some parties are fully competitive within a pluralist system while others, notably hegemonic parties, are antithetical to democracy...
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by Ute Kunzmann and David Richter Previously, we found that during films about age-typical losses, older adults experienced greater sadness than young adults, whereas their physiological responses were just as large. In the present study, our goal was...
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by John Brockman from Edge "On October 17, Edge organized a Reality Club meeting at The Hotel Ritz in Paris to allow neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene to present his new theory on how consciousness arises in the brain to a group of Parisian scientists...
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by Daniel R. Hawes in Psychology Today "Research involving subliminal priming tends to instantly grab people's attention, I guess, because there is simply something very enticing, but simultaneously disturbing about the idea that the subconscious...
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by Greg Boustead in Seed "It all started with Cheerios. Jonah Lehrer was once again standing in a supermarket aisle, crippled by the thought of which variety of whole-oat goodness to buy: honey nut or apple cinnamon. “It was an embarrassing waste...
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by Nicole Branan in Scientific American "What’s this guy thinking? Does he know what I know? Most of us develop the ability to make inferences about what other people might be thinking, the hallmark of “theory of mind,” at age four. Scientists have...
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Conference on the Cardinal Virtues Viterbo University La Crosse, Wisconsin April 15-17, 2010 2010 Theme: Wisdom The 2010 conference is the culmination of a series of four conferences on the cardinal virtues. We invite papers examining the meaning, history...
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from Psychology Today by Alex Lickerman "I leaned back in my chair and breathed a heavy sigh. My patient, Mr. Rodriguez (not his real name), noticed my discomfort. "I know I should quit," he told me with a guilty shrug of his shoulders...
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from Psychology Today by J.D. Trout "I have always loved bourbon, and as a graduate student, I loved it regularly. Back then, I drank with friends routinely. But most of us also value a life free from nagging temptation. What to do? If you change...
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by Linda Bartoshuk "Obesity, with its correlations to heart disease, diabetes and a multitude of other health problems, is one of our largest public health concerns. It also has a very large behavioral basis. As psychologists, how can we contribute...
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from the University of Chicago News Office October 8, 2009 "Scholars from across the country are engaged this fall in a lively web-based conversation about the many aspects of wisdom, the subject at the heart of the University of Chicago Arete Initiative...
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By Greg Miller from Science "I think, therefore I am," pronounced the famed French philosopher René Descartes. What imbues us with this uniquely human sense of self-awareness? Some neuroscientists have pegged an area of the brain known as the...
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Knowing you're right is a high; even when you're wrong. by Lynn Phillips from her Psychology Today blog Dream On "My mother the corporate lawyer, when I told her I was about to marry a guy whose parents were Catholic, asked, alarmed: "Do...
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by Elizabeth Pennisi Behavioral ecologists are discovering that social roles in bees may recapitulate the reproductive life cycle of solitary females. Highly social insects are an efficiency expert's dream come true. Without the benefit of instruction...
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The John Templeton Foundation organizes a series of conversations among leading scientists, scholars, and public figures about the "Big Questions." The current question under consideration is: Does evolution explain human nature? Follow this...
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by David Sloan Wilson The idea that evolution explains selfishness well and altruism poorly is starting to stink. Can we please bury it now? The conflict between altruism and selfishness, good and evil, is an eternal theme in religion and literature....
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Igor Ryabov The academic achievement of immigrant children has been a focus of social research for decades. Yet little attention has been paid to peer social capital and its importance as a school context factor for the academic success of immigrant youths...
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Kathleen Gerson Sociology's enduring concern with explaining the links between individual and social change has never been more relevant. We are poised at a moment when changing lives are colliding with resistant institutions. These tensions have...
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Michael T. Wojnowicz, Melissa J. Ferguson, Rick Dale, Michael J. Spivey How do minds produce explicit attitudes over several hundred milliseconds? Speeded evaluative measures have revealed implicit biases beyond cognitive control and subjective awareness...
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By Kai Kresse This article investigates ‘wisdom’ from an ethnographic perspective that pays attention to the ways in which knowledge is performed, appreciated, negotiated and questioned in everyday life in Mombasa, on the Swahili coast. It discusses the...
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By Wesley J. Wildman Brains are amazing organs in all creatures with central nervous systems and especially in human beings. But they are not perfect. Without forgetting the larger success story of cognitive evolution, I want to explore the way that cognitive...
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By Christopher J. Thompson To behold the heavens and gaze upon the infinite expanse of a star-studded sky, indeed to ponder any vista of creation's splendor is to be drawn not merely into the mystery of creation, the intricacies of cause and effect;...
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Carla Bagnoli This article argues that immoralists do not fully enjoy autonomous agency because they are not capable of engaging in the proper form of practical reflection, which requires relating to others as having equal standing. An adequate diagnosis...
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Felipe De Brigard, Eric Mandelbaum, David Ripley Some theorists think that the more we get to know about the neural underpinnings of our behaviors, the less likely we will be to hold people responsible for their actions. This intuition has driven some...
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Emilio J. Castillo Science and scientific production have been widely promoted as powerful tools for advancing national economic and social development. While much progress has been made in determining whether this is the case, less understood are the...
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by Jeremy Taylor "Renowned dream expert Jeremy Taylor can help you discover how the hidden messages in your dreams can change your life. In The Wisdom of Your Dreams: Using Dreams to Tap Into Your Unconscious and Transform Your Life, Taylor shows...
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By Tarmo Toom This study compares Augustine's remarks on language acquisition in the Confessions with those of Stoics, Epicureans, and Pyrrhonists and assesses the similarities and differences of the respective accounts. It studies a specific issue...
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by Michael C. Mozer, Harold Pashler and Hadjar Homaei Griffiths and Tenenbaum (2006) asked individuals to make predictions about the duration or extent of everyday events (e.g., cake baking times), and reported that predictions were optimal, employing...
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by Stephan Lewandowsky, Thomas L. Griffiths, Michael L. Kalish Determining the knowledge that guides human judgments is fundamental to understanding how people reason, make decisions, and form predictions. We use an experimental procedure called ‘‘iterated...
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Giovanni Frazzetto & Suzanne Anker Neuroscience addresses questions that, if resolved, will reveal aspects of our individuality. Therefore neuroscientific knowledge is not solely constrained within laboratories, but readily captures the attention...
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by Eric Luis Uhlmann, David A. Pizarro, David Tannenbaum and Peter H. Ditto Five studies demonstrated that people selectively use general moral principles to rationalize preferred moral conclusions. In Studies 1a and 1b, college students and community...
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By: Monique M. H. Pollman and Catrin Finkenauer Understanding is at the heart of intimate relationships. It is unclear, however, whether understanding—partners’ subjective feeling that they understand each other—or knowledge—partners’ accurate knowledge...
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By Yukiko Uchida, Sarah S. M. Townsend, Hazel Rose Markus, and Hilary B. Bergsieker Four studies using open-ended and experimental methods test the hypothesis that in Japanese contexts, emotions are understood as between people, whereas in American contexts...
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By Samir Okasha In models of multi-level selection, the property of Darwinian fitness is attributed to entities at more than one level of the biological hierarchy, e.g. individuals and groups. However, the relation between individual and group fitness...
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A review of Michael Ruse's book by Matt Gers. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Biology covers a broad range of topics in this field. It is not just a textbook focusing on evolutionary theory but encompasses ethics, social science and behaviour...
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Joaquín M. Fuster Converging evidence from humans and nonhuman primates is obliging us to abandon conventional models in favor of a radically different, distributed-network paradigm of cortical memory. Central to the new paradigm is the concept of memory...
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William M.P. Klein and Peter R. Harris We explored whether self-affirmation enhances attentional bias toward threatening elements of a persuasive message. Female alcohol consumers read an article linking alcohol to *** cancer and were then exposed supraliminally...
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Patrick F. Parnaby Borrowing from Bourdieu’s theory of practice, specifically, the relationship between forms of capital and discourse on the one hand and the nature of symbolic domination on the other (see Bourdieu 1998; 1991), this paper seeks to answer...
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Matthew S. Wood, J. Michael Pearson This article develops a theoretical model that suggests that differential levels of uncertainty, knowledge relatedness, and richness of information will have a substantial impact on the decision to engage in entrepreneurship...
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Jeff Noonan Human life is finite. Given that lifetime is necessarily limited, the experience of time in any given society is a central ethical problem. If all or most of human lifetime is consumed by routine tasks (or resting for the resumption of routine...
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Miriam Brandt, Ellen van Wilgenburg, Robert Sulc, Kenneth J Shea and Neil D Tsutsui (wisdom grantee) Background Ants form highly social and cooperative colonies that compete, and often fight, against other such colonies, both intra- and interspecifically...
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by Andrew Healy This paper presents experimental evidence about how effectively individuals learn from information coming from heterogeneous sources. In the experiment, Thai subjects observed information that came from Americans and from other Thais that...
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Giorgio Ganis and Julian Paul Keenan William Hazlitt (1778-1830), a British writer, once asserted that, “life is the art of being deceived.” Human social relations are so steeped in deception that it is impossible to imagine life without it. From great...
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Laura Menenti , Karl Magnus Petersson, René Scheeringa , and Peter Hagoort Both local discourse and world knowledge are known to influence sentence processing. We investigated how these two sources of information conspire in language comprehension. Two...
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Arie W. Kruglanski and Edward Orehek We analyze two conceptions of rationality featured in the social science literature, rationality as a means-ends relation and rationality as logical consistency . The former concerns the rationality of actions ; it...
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Ralph Hertwig and Stefan M. Herzog Homo economicus cannot help but be puzzled by people's baffling array of social behaviors that conflict with economic theory. To accommodate these “deviant” behaviors within the standard view of rationality, defined...
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Klaus Fiedler and Michaela Wänke The entire discipline of social cognition has been greatly influenced by the heuristics-and-biases research program, which was traditionally based on an internal attribution of bounded rationality to the individual's...
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Martie G. Haselton , Gregory A. Bryant , Andreas Wilke , David A. Frederick , Andrew Galperin , Willem E. Frankenhuis , Tyler Moore A casual look at the literature in social cognition reveals a vast collection of biases, errors, violations of rational...
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The fall, 2009 issue of Itineraries is titled "The Harvest of Wisdom" and focuses on elder wisdom. Table of Contents Caroline Bassett Elder Wisdom Drew Leder The Tao of Longevity Margaret Owen Thorpe Bird Wisdom Robert C. Atchley Serving from...
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Psyblog recently made a post about cognition and belief which could have interesting implications for the study of wisdom. " What is the mind's default position : are we naturally critical or naturally gullible? As a species do we have a tendency...
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On the Legal Profession Blog, Jeff Lipshaw discusses the relationships of concepts like justice and wisdom to the practice and teaching of law. "There's a theory in cognitive science ( Mark Turner 's, primarily, but I have to continue reading...
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Imagine a future where computers exceed our own intelligence; where problem solving is no longer limited by human thinking -- what then? It's a moment in technological time some call 'The Singularity'. But how much is technological reality...
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By Andrew Lo in Financial Times "The financial crisis has challenged virtually every tenet of modern portfolio management. Investors were told to diversify by holding broad-based long-only portfolios of index funds; those who did so by investing...
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The Fall 2009 issue of In Character, a publication dedicated to exploring single virtues from different persepctives, explores the concept of wisdom. Table of Contents Charlotte Hays More Than Knowledge William Desmond Wisdom of the Ages Charlotte Allen...
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Jennifer Tolleson In contrast to its revolutionary beginnings, the psychoanalytic discourse has abandoned its potential as a critical, dissident force in contemporary life. It is imperative, in our efforts to engage in socially responsible clinical practice...
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Mei-Chuan Wang, Sharon G. Horne, Heidi M. Levitt, Lisa M. Klesges The study examined Christian women's religious beliefs and practices in relationship to their intimate partner violence (IPV) relationships. The religious variables included religious...
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by Wade Davis "Over the past decade, many of us have been alarmed to learn of the rapidly accelerating extinction of our planet's diverse flora and fauna. But how many of us know that our human cultural diversity is also going extinct at a shocking...
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"In making decisions, when should we go with our gut and when should we try to analyze every option? When should we use our intuition and when should we rely on logic and statistics? Most of us would probably agree that for important decisions, we...
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by Joachim Gross and Markus Ploner Recent non-invasive studies in humans provide new insights into the timing of perceptual decision making and show that integrated sensory evidence is represented in motor areas well before a behavioral response. Read...
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by Alex H. Taylor and Russell D. Gray A new study shows that rooks are able to spontaneously drop stones into a tube of water to obtain a floating worm. This sophisticated problem solving raises intriguing questions about the use of imagination in animals...
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by Jeffrey Dean Webster Abstract : The current project investigates wisdom and positive psychosocial characteristics in young adults in a series of three overlapping studies. Study 1 ( N = 61) investigated wisdom and ego-integrity, values, and life attitudes...
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Francesca Grippa and Peter A. Gloor We measured interpersonal perception accuracy by focusing on the relationship between actors’ centrality and their ability to accurately report their social interactions. We used the network measures of actors’ betweenness...
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Sondra Gonzalez-Bailon Links play a twofold role on the web: they open the channels through which users access information, and they determine the centrality of sites and their visibility. This paper adds two factors to the analysis of links that aim...
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Camille Roth, Jean-Philippe Cointet Socio-semantic networks involve agents creating and processing information: communities of scientists, software developers, wiki contributors and webloggers are, among others, examples of such knowledge networks. We...
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Dustin P. Calvillo and Alan Penaloza The deliberation-without-attention effect occurs when better decisions are made when people experience a period of distraction before a decision than when they make decisions immediately or when they spend time reflecting...
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Ap Dijksterhuis , Maarten W. Bos , Andries van der Leij , and Rick B. van Baaren In two experiments, we investigated the effects of expertise and mode of thought on the accuracy of people's predictions. Both experts and nonexperts predicted the results...
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Karim S. Kassam , Katrina Koslov , Wendy Berry Mendes People frequently make decisions under stress. Understanding how stress affects decision making is complicated by the fact that not all stress responses are created equal. Challenge states, for example...
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By Konrad Banicki. The main purpose of this article is to undertake a conceptual investigation of the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm: a psychological project initiated by Paul Baltes and intended to study the complex phenomenon of wisdom. Firstly, in order to...
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By Rebecca Saxe | TED.com "Sensing the motives and feelings of others is a natural talent for humans. But how do we do it? Here, Rebecca Saxe shares fascinating lab work that uncovers how the brain thinks about other peoples' thoughts -- and...
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By Sandra Day O'Connor | Social Science Research Network "This Article grapples with the complexities of law in a world of hybrid legal spaces, where a single act or actor is potentially regulated by multiple legal or quasi-legal regimes. In...
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By David P. Barash | The Chronicle "Everybody hates Bernard Madoff, and for good reason. He bilked hundreds—thousands—of people out of billions, perhaps tens of billions, of dollars, destroyed numerous life savings, ruined the future prospects of...
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By Julia Moulden | Huffington Post "Is thinking about wisdom part of getting older? Lately, I've been wondering what wisdom is. Here's how my dictionary defines it, "Understanding what is true, right, or lasting." I've been...
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By Jim Selman | Huffington Post "Over the course of my lifetime, I have heard many 'bottom-line' bits of wisdom. For example, "the key to happiness is loving what you do". Or, "at the end of the day, you can either resist life...
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By Tom Morris | Huffington Post "The popular social media website Twitter has turned into the world's greatest cocktail party, and no one has to clean up afterwards, or even pay the tab. It's the new electronic campfire we sit around to talk...
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By Jessica Hamzelo | New Scientist "A mere glimmer of consciousness is all that's required to learn something new. Experiments inspired by Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov have revealed that some people who are "minimally conscious"...
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By Kristina Grifantini | Technology Review "When searching online for a new gadget to buy or a movie to rent, many people pay close attention to the number of stars awarded by customer-reviewers on popular websites. But new research confirms what...
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By Andrew Meltzoff | Science News " What does the science of learning tell us about the nature of intelligence? People sometimes think of intelligence as a reflection of individual problem-solving skills. But we’re increasingly realizing that humans...
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By Karen Hopkin | Scientific American "Some things are hard to remember. Others are hard to forget—especially things that are traumatic. But kids, it turns out, are better than adults at forgetting the bad stuff. Now scientists think they know why...
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By JR Minkel | Scintific American "When you go from bed to bathroom on a dark night, a quick flick of the lights will leave a lingering impression on your mind’s eye. For decades evidence suggested that such visual working memories—which, even in...
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Career analyst Dan Pink examines the puzzle of motivation, starting with a fact that social scientists know but most managers don't: Traditional rewards aren't always as effective as we think. Listen for illuminating stories -- and maybe, a way...
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Paul D. Windschitl, Andrew R. Smith, Jason P. Rose and Zlatan Krizan Does desire for an outcome inflate optimism? Previous experiments have produced mixed results regarding the desirability bias , with the bulk of supportive findings coming from one paradigm...
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Dean Keith Simonton Prior research supports the inference that scientific disciplines can be ordered into a hierarchy ranging from the "hard" natural sciences to the "soft" social sciences. This ordering corresponds with such objective...
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Anne Mesny This paper attempts to clarify or to reposition some of the controversies generated by Burawoy’s defense of public sociology and by his vision of the mutually stimulating relationship between the different forms of sociology. Before arguing...
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Erik Bijleveld, Ruud Custers, and Henk Aarts No abstract available. Read the article .
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Ellen Peters, Nathan F. Dieckmann, Daniel Västfjäll, C. K. Mertz, Paul Slovic, Judith H. Hibbard Decision makers are often quite poor at using numeric information in decisions. The results of 4 experiments demonstrate that a manipulation of evaluative...
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by Marshall Abrams Abstract: It’s recently been argued that biological fitness can’t change over the course of an organism’s life as a result of organisms’ behaviors. However, some characterizations of biological function and biological altruism tacitly...
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By Claudia Blöser, Aron Schöpf and Marcus Willaschek The aim of this paper is to suggest that a necessary condition of autonomy has not been sufficiently recognized in the literature: the capacity to critically reflect on one’s practical attitudes (desires...
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By Adrian Furnham In all, 187 participants completed a new, self-report measure of eight multiple intelligences (Haselbauer 2005), a General Knowledge test (Irwing et al. Personality and Individual Differences 30:857–871, 2001), a measure of Approaches...
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By Pollmann, Monique; Finkenauer, Catrin When making affective forecasts, people commit the impact bias. They overestimate the impact an emotional event has on their affective experience. In three studies we show that people also commit the impact bias...
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By Marianne van Woerkom and Karin Sanders | Journal of Business and Psychology ' Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of disagreement and cohesiveness on knowledge sharing in teams, and on the performance of individual team...
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By Gail F. Latta Change resides at the heart of leadership. Organizational culture is one of many situational variables that have emerged as pivotal in determining the success of leaders' efforts to implement change initiatives. This article introduces...
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By Helen Yitah This study is an attempt to document and critically explore what I term the "proverbial revolt" of Kasena women from northern Ghana. The women take advantage of a socially sanctioned medium, the joking relationship that exists...
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By Joshua A. Weller; Irwin P. Levin; Baba Shiv; Antoine Bechara Several lines of functional neuroimaging studies have attributed a role for the insula, a critical component of the brain's emotional circuitry, in risky decision-making. However, very...
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By Grégoire Mallard, Michèle Lamont, Joshua Guetzkow Epistemological differences fuel continuous and frequently divisive debates in the social sciences and the humanities. Sociologists have yet to consider how such differences affect peer evaluation....
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By Drake Bennett "Can money buy happiness? Since the invention of money, or nearly enough, people have been telling one another that it can’t. Philosophers and gurus, holy books and self-help manuals have all warned of the futility of equating material...
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By Kathleen McGowan "Rita Magil was driving down a Montreal boulevard one sunny morning in 2002 when a car came blasting through a red light straight toward her. “I slammed the brakes, but I knew it was too late,” she says. “I thought I was going...
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By Emily Yoffe "Seeking. You can't stop doing it. Sometimes it feels as if the basic drives for food, sex, and sleep have been overridden by a new need for endless nuggets of electronic information. We are so insatiably curious that we gather...
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By Alice Landry | Examiner "Knowledge is information that you've been exposed to and integrated into your mind as something you know and are aware of. Once you've been presented with something new and learn about it, at what point does that...
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By Joshua Hartshorne | Scientific American "My seventh-grade English teacher exhorted us to study vocabulary with the following: "We think in words. The more words you know, the more thoughts you can have." This compound notion that language...
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By Val Farmer | INFORUM "There is one quality that improves with age. That quality happens to be a wonderful virtue. It is wisdom. Wisdom encompasses other virtues. Wisdom incorporates other virtues that are essential to happiness. A wise person...
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By Azeen Ghorahi " 'The human brain has been terra incognita for as long as we’ve known it,' says Olaf Sporns, a professor of neuroscience at Indiana University. In 2005, Sporns co-authored a paper attributing the large-scale shortcomings...
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By David Bogoslaw from Businessweek "Can a sentiment survey of a bunch of individual investors actually predict stock price performance? Crowd Technologies—a neophyte online investing community whose Web site Piqqem enables people to vote on the...
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"A report by a 15-year-old work experience student at an investment banking firm, about teenagers and the media, says young people don't listen to the radio, go to the cinema or use Twitter. But are there other teenage habits that might come...
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Friday, July 24th NPR Science Friday Paper or plastic? Steak or salmon? Stay or go? Every day, we make thousands of decisions, most minor, some major. But how does your brain make the choice? In this hour, we'll take a look at the science of decision...
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By R. Radhakrishnan. The purpose of this essay is to complicate the rationale that informs "our" will to comparative knowledge. Why do we want to compare when we are not sure who the "we" is? Any act of comparison, despite the best...
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By Pheng Cheah. If comparison is a fundamental activity of human consciousness, then what is its stimulus internal to consciousness or the human spirit or something that comes from the external or objective world? This essay traces the genealogy of the...
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By M. FRANZ & C. L. NUNN "Culture is widely thought to be beneficial when social learning is less costly than individual learning and thus may explain the enormous ecological success of humans. Rogers (1988. Does biology constrain culture. Am...
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By R. I. M. Dunbar "The social brain hypothesis was proposed as an explanation for the fact that primates have unusually large brains for body size compared to all other vertebrates: Primates evolved large brains to manage their unusually complex...
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In 3 studies, participants made choices between hypothetical financial, environmental, and health gains and losses that took effect either immediately or with a delay of 1 or 10 years. In all 3 domains, choices indicated that gains were discounted more...
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By Robin Dunbar. "Just what makes the difference between apes (and especially chimpanzees) and humans has remained one of the perennial questions that has bedeviled much of the debate in comparative psychology, as well as primatology and anthropology...
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By Angela M. Brant and et al. "The genetic and environmental trends in IQ development were assessed in 483 same-sex twin pairs in the Colorado longitudinal twin study using maximum-likelihood model-fitting analysis. The twins were assessed periodically...
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By Joshua D. Greene, et al. (Joshua Green is a wisdom grantee). In some cases people judge it morally acceptable to sacrifice one person’s life in order to save several other lives, while in other similar cases they make the opposite judgment. Researchers...
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By Ryan P. Hanley, a wisdom grantee. The Scottish Enlightenment is commonly identified as the birthplace of modern social science. But while Scottish and contemporary social science share a commitment to empiricism, contemporary insistence on the separation...
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By P. J. Henry and David O Sears 'The conventional wisdom is that racial prejudice remains largely stable through adulthood. However, very little is known about the development of contemporary racial attitudes like symbolic racism. The growing crystallization...
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By Amos Yong | Religious Studies Review "This volume extends the conversation opened up by the series of volumes produced by the jointly sponsored Vatican Observatory and the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences (Berkeley, CA) ventures and...
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By Kristin D. Neff The idea that people need high self-esteem in order to be psychologically healthy is almost a truism in Western developmental psychology. Parents are told that one of their most important tasks is to nurture their children’s self-esteem...
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By Ann Gleig "This edited collection provides a useful and clear overview of the increasing adoption of mindfulness practice by psychotherapeutic and medical communities. Defining mindfulness as the "awareness of present experience with acceptance...
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By Terry Regier and Paul Kay "The Whorf hypothesis holds that we view the world filtered through the semantic categories of our native language. Over the years, consensus has oscillated between embrace and dismissal of this hypothesis. Here, we review...
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George I. Christopoulos, Philippe N. Tobler, Peter Bossaerts, Raymond J. Dolan, and Wolfram Schultz Decision making under risk is central to human behavior. Economic decision theory suggests that value, risk, and risk aversion influence choice behavior...
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This chapter in Leemon McHenry's book acknowledges Nicholas Maxwell's quest since the early 1980s: Maxwell has called for a shift in academic focus from knowledge acquisition for its own sake to “what is of value in life” for human beings. Knowledge...
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By Jack Soll and Richard Larrick from Scientific American. "There is an old saying that two heads are better than one. This saying received empirical support in social psychology in the 1920s, when a series of studies showed that groups were more...
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By: Charles Q. Choi from Scientific American "Humans often make irrational choices when faced with challenging decisions. Ant colonies, however, can make perfectly rational selections when confronted by tough dilemmas. This isn't because lone...
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Banks, battles, and the psychology of overconfidence. Excerpt: "Since the beginning of the financial crisis, there have been two principal explanations for why so many banks made such disastrous decisions. The first is structural. Regulators did...
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Insect colonies offer insight into the mysterious conversations of neurons, illuminating how billions of individual brain cells work in concert to make a single decision... by Elizabeth Lindhardt in Seed Magazine. Read the article.
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Rex Jung, left, of the Mind Research Network and Robert Sternberg of Tufts University discuss a scientific understanding of wisdom. Discussants ask: "How different is wisdom from intelligence? Are smart people more susceptible to foolishness?"...
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By Tom Wujec "Last year at TED we aimed to try to clarify the overwhelming complexity and richness that we experience at the conference in a project called the Big Viz. And the Big Viz is a collection of 650 sketches that were made by two visual...
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By Michael Bond "The protests that took place on the streets of London on the eve of the G20 summit in April lived up to many people's expectations. Around 2000 protestors turned up, and were heavily marshalled by police. There was a bit of trouble...
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This article includes pieces of an interview with Defining Wisdom grantee Keith Whitaker. "Shortly after Andrea and Rick Campbell got married, when Rick was fresh out of graduate school, Andrea’s parents suggested the young couple could benefit from...
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by Greg Miller Neuroanatomist Jacopo Annese plans to create a digital, zoomable atlas of the brain of Henry Molaison, the most studied human being in the history of psychology, and make it freely available online—the first entry in what he hopes will...
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By Andrew Koppelman Commentary on A Secular Age by Charles Taylor RELIGIOUS FAITH today is one option among others. Many people—call them secularists—live without any transcendent source of value. Some, but not all, are militant atheists. A millennium...
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By Michael Walzer P reliminary Dialogue: The co-editor of Dissent argues with a philosophical friend to determine the truth (or a truth) of the matter. MW : The definite article is wrong. How could there be one good society, given the immense variety...
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By John Tierney "Could it be that humans are not quite as gullible as advertised? For a couple of decades now, social psychologists and behavioral economists have been amusing themselves manipulating consumers into doing odd things. They’ve delighted...
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"Make no little plans," said President Barack Obama last spring as he rolled out a pitch for a high-speed rail network—yet another presidential initiative to lift America out of recession and chart a new national course. In that spirit, The...
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Jamais Cascio writes for The Atlantic on evolving human intelligence. "Pandemics. Global warming. Food shortages. No more fossil fuels. What are humans to do? The same thing the species has done before: evolve to meet the challenge. But this time...
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Karoline Strauss , Mark A. Griffin and Alannah E. Rafferty Employees' proactive behaviour is increasingly important for organizations seeking to adapt in uncertain economic environments. This study examined the link between leadership and proactive...
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William Hart, Dolores Albarracín, Alice H. Eagly, Inge Brechan, Matthew J. Lindberg, Lisa Merrill A meta-analysis assessed whether exposure to information is guided by defense or accuracy motives. The studies examined information preferences in relation...
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Marcia K. Johnson , Susan Nolen-Hoeksema , Karen J. Mitchell and Yael Levin Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural activity associated with self-reflection in depressed [current major depressive episode (MDE)] and healthy...
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Pieter J. Beers and Pieter W.G. Bots Constructing interdisciplinary knowledge is particularly difficult because scientific knowledge is situated in its discipline. Researchers must find common ground to share, and this causes high transaction costs. This...
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This essay is an attempt to explore the ontology of context by elucidating its uses in the production of new knowledges out of the old. It is argued that some of the master concepts in anthropological discourse, to wit nature, culture, society and the...
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Karola Stotz Recent years have seen the development of an approach both to general philosophy and philosophy of science often referred to as ‘experimental philosophy’ or just ‘X-Phi’. Philosophers often make or presuppose empirical claims about how people...
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Cokely, E.T., & Feltz, A. When the side effect of an action involves moral considerations (e.g. when a chairman’s pursuit of profits harms the environment) it tends to influence theory-of-mind judgments. On average, bad side effects are judged intentional...
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Straubinger, N., Cokely, E.T., & Stevens, J.R. According to Aristotle, humans are the rational animal. The borderline between rationality and irrationality is fundamental to many aspects of human life including the law, mental health, and language...
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The fact that we ought to prefer what is comparatively more likely to be good, I argue, does, contrary to consequentialism, not rest on any evaluative facts. It is, in this sense, a deontological requirement. As such it is the basis of our valuing those...
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"Monkeys like to know the size of rewards coming their way, and, in the brain, this desire is signalled by the same dopamine neurons that signal primitive rewards like sex and food. Ethan Bromberg-Martin and Okihide Hikosaka of the National Eye Institute...
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William E. Stempsey This article is an introduction to a special issue of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics on clinical reasoning. Clinical reasoning encompasses the gamut of thinking about clinical medical practice-the evaluation and management of patients'...
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Exploring informal components of clinical reasoning, we argue that they need to be understood via the analysis of professional wisdom. Wise decisions are needed where action or insight is vital, but neither everyday nor expert knowledge provides solutions...
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After witnessing the trial of Adolf Eichmann, Hannah Arendt was particularly astonished not by the criminal's horrific deeds during the Holocaust but by his thoughtlessness. Thoughtlessness is not stupidity but the inability or failure to think from...
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In this article, I argue that if we challenge some tacit assumptions of narrow rationality that endure in much of entrepreneurial studies, we can elevate entrepreneurial ethics beyond mere external constraints on rational action, and move toward fuller...
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The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy Somewhere in Africa, more than a million years ago, a line of apes began to rear their young differently than their Great Ape ancestors. From this new form of care came new ways of...
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By Howard C. Nusbaum, et al. "The human brain demonstrates complex yet systematic patterns of neural activity at rest. We examined whether functional connectivity among those brain regions typically active during rest depends on ongoing and recent...
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Nigel E. Raine A recent study has found that butterflies maintain behavioural plasticity useful to them in rare environments by reducing associated costs in common environments. Butterflies use innate sensory biases to locate common green hosts, but learn...
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Justin L. Vincent A recent study shows that brain activity recorded while the human subject is at ‘rest’ is significantly affected by a prior learning episode. These results suggest that understanding resting brain activity may be critical to understanding...
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"Philosophical questions about the external world and our knowledge of it are almost exclusively raised from the armchair. The knowledge we gain in everyday life or develop through scientific investigation is considered at the conceptual level, and...
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The New Interface of Governance Frontier / by Nancy Scola "If we can just tweak the way we make choices, we can make smarter ones. A look at Obama’s plans to put the science of human nature to work. For those of us familiar with the strange land...
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Alejo José G. Sison, a Business Ethics scholar at the University of Navarre, writes for MercatorNet that "Twenty percent of students graduating from the Harvard Business School this week have taken an oath to be ethical . What a difference is that...
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By Scott McLemee "Last week Leon Kass, chairman of the Council of Bioethics under President Bush, took to the podium to deliver the Jefferson Lecture of the National Endowment for the Humanities -- an event I did not go to, though it was covered...
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Christopher Suhler and Patricia Churchland "In the target article discussion of the Changing Ethical Norms category, Kon (2009) rightly highlights the contributions psychological research can make to bioethics. In this commentary, we suggest that...
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The macromarketing system is largely the function of many micromarketing decisions made each day. But this connection has not been probed thoroughly in the macromarketing literature, and there is a need for conceptual frameworks that can successfully...
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A recent publication by one of our grantees and colleagues, Heidi Levitt. This article presents a grounded theory analysis of the experience of sustaining an abiding curiosity. Results emphasize how curiosity became inherently motivating and pleasurable...
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Co-authored by one of our grantees, Eddy Nahmias. "In this paper, we examine Adam Feltz and Edward Cokely’s recent claim that “the personality trait extraversion predicts people’s intuitions about the relationship of determinism to free will and...
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Emmanuel M. Pothos and Jerome R. Busemeyer Two experimental tasks in psychology, the two-stage gambling game and the Prisoner's Dilemma game, show that people violate the sure thing principle of decision theory. These paradoxical findings have resisted...
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"In this groundbreaking look at the evolution of our brains, eminent neuroscientists Gary Lynch and Richard Granger uncover the mysteries of the outsize intelligence of our ancestors, who had bigger brains than humans living today. Weaving together...
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J oanna S wann " This paper draws on the philosophy of Karl Popper to present a descriptive evolutionary epistemology that offers philosophical solutions to the following related problems: 'What happens when learning takes place?' and 'What...
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D avid C arr & D on S kinner "Perhaps the most pressing issue concerning teacher education and training since the end of the Second World War has been that of the role of theory—or principled reflection—in professional expertise. Here, although...
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Jonathan M. Weinberg and Stephen Crowley Experimental philosophy is often regarded as a category mistake. Even those who reject that view typically see it as irrelevant to standard philosophical projects. We argue that neither of these claims can be sustained...
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by Jeffrey A. Greene and Scott C. Brown Researchers are gaining an interest in the concept of wisdom, a more holistic yet often ineffable educational outcome. Models of wisdom abound, but few have rigorously tested measures. This study looks at Brown...
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Steven R. Quartz Many models of judgment and decision-making posit distinct cognitive and emotional contributions to decision-making under uncertainty. Cognitive processes typically involve exact computations according to a cost-benefit calculus, whereas...
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Adam Feltz and Edward T. Cokely "Recently, there has been an increased interest in folk intuitions about freedom and moral responsibility from both philosophers and psychologists. We aim to extend our understanding of folk intuitions about freedom...
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Neeru Paharia, Karim S. Kassam, Joshua D. Greene and Max H. Bazerman When powerful people cause harm, they often do so indirectly through other people. Are harmful actions carried out through others evaluated less negatively than harmful actions carried...
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David F. Ford The origins of scriptural reasoning, in which Jews, Christians and Muslims study their scriptures in conversation with each other, are described. Some maxims implicit in its form of Abrahamic collegiality are distilled (including the emphasis...
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Feltz, A., Cokely, E.T., Nadelhoffer, T. In the free will literature, some compatibilists and some incompatibilists claim that their views best capture ordinary intuitions concerning free will and moral responsibility. One goal of researchers working...
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Liviu G. Cri an, Simona Pan , Romana Vulturar, Renata M. Heilman, Raluca Szekely,Bogdan Drug and Andrei C. Miu Serotonin (5-HT) modulates emotional and cognitive functions such as fear conditioning (FC) and decision making. This study investigated the...
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Arwen B. Long, Cynthia M. Kuhn and Michael L. Platt Some people love taking risks, while others avoid gambles at all costs. The neural mechanisms underlying individual variation in preference for risky or certain outcomes, however, remain poorly understood...
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This article compares some aspects of Saint Augustine's philosophy with the ideas that underlay mindfulness work in modern psychotherapy. It suggests that some ideas current in behavioral treatments like ACT, DBT and FAP can be recognised in Saint...
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"In making Sonia Sotomayor his first nominee for the Supreme Court yesterday, President Obama appears to have found the ideal match for his view that personal experience and cultural identity are the better part of judicial wisdom..." Read the...
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This article in Disease Models & Mechanisms posits an exciting possibility for the development of scientific collaboration. Could a globalized collective wisdom be the answer to optimizing scientific progress? "What if everyone in the world were...
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We are pleased announce the Scottish Network for Normative Philosophy’s Workshop on Practical Reasoning . The Scottish Network for Normative Philosophy is dedicated to promoting the research of contemporary Scottish philosophers on normative themes, and...
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This article about economic decision making was written by one of our grant recipients, Sendhil Mullainathan. "All too often, the choices of the poor are viewed as a result of either some intrinsic failing (“they’re just very myopic people”) or some...
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This recent opinion piece offers a critique of the project of defining wisdom, along with some thoughts about wisdom in connection to Asian philosophies. "Wisdom doesn't cling. It knows when to commit and when to detach. It is wary of extremes...
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This article from Science News discusses recent research on collective behavior and decision-making in animals, which has interesting implications for researching human wisdom. "Of course honeybees don’t have a banking system, but they do exhibit...
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Excerpt: " Transhumanism is the view that humans should be permitted to use technology in order to re-make human nature, offered as the next stage in human evolution. It differs from posthumanism in as much as posthumanity is largely concerned with...
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Jason A. Clark In the last 10 years, several authors including Griffiths and Matthen have employed classificatory principles from biology to argue for a radical revision in the way that we individuate psychological traits. Arguing that the fundamental...
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James A.R. Marshall and Nigel R. Franks "What is cognition? We favour the following definition of cognition: “cognition [is] the ability to use internal representations of information acquired in separate events, and to combine these to generate...
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Parashkev Nachev, Yee-Haur Mah and Masud Husain A new study mapping the functional effects of brain lesions has revealed a surprising map of human intelligence, stimulating a re-evaluation of data from purely correlative methods such as functional magnetic...
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Ellouise Leadbeater The recent finding that female Drosophila copy the mate-choice criteria of other females introduces a mainstream model species to the study of how animals use social information. Read the article.
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Johan J. Bolhuis & Clive D. L. Wynne "Biologists have tended to assume that closely related species will have similar cognitive abilities. Johan J. Bolhuis and Clive D. L. Wynne put this evolutionarily inspired idea through its paces. Darwin's...
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Martin Heisenberg Scientists and philosophers are using new discoveries in neuroscience to question the idea of free will. They are misguided, says Martin Heisenberg. Examining animal behaviour shows how our actions can be free... Read the essay.
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by Ellen J. Langer "If we could turn back the clock psychologically, could we also turn it back physically? For more than thirty years, award-winning social psychologist Ellen Langer has studied this provocative question, and now, in Counterclockwise...
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A Psychology Today Blog by Howard C. Nusbaum, Ph.D. on March 27, 2009 "Given the cultural lip service in the United States to the importance of education, you might think that ignorance is uniformly undesirable. In principle, we should seek to improve...
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Our featured article "The Neurobiology of Wisdom: A Literature Overview," by Thomas W. Meeks and Dilip V. Jeste has generated much media attention in the past few weeks ( Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):355-365). Here we list some of the articles...
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By Sharon Rich, John McLaughlin Educators must adapt the institutions in which they work to ensure students' wisdom is developed. They should recognize and articulate the current educational context, broaden their perspective of education , be prepared...
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Abstract: The optimal responses for many decisions faced by humans are ill defined, yet we are able to choose well by associating choices with outcomes, and employing this information in decision making.Previous studies suggest that the parietal cortex...
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Widdershoven, G (Widdershoven, Guy), Abma, T (Abma, Tineke), Molewijk, B (Molewijk, Bert) Abstract: In this article, we present a dialogical approach to empirical ethics, based upon hermeneutic ethics and responsive evaluation. Hermeneutic ethics regards...
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by van Thiel, G. J. M. W., van Delden, J. J. M. Abstract: A recurrent issue in the vast amount of literature on reasoning models in ethics is the role and nature of moral intuitions. In this paper, we start from the view that people who work and live...
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Sandra Schmidt Bunkers, RN; PhD; FAAN Abstract: In this column questions concerning wisdom are addressed, such as, what is wisdom? Can wisdom be taught in the academy? Several perspectives on wisdom from philosophy, education, business, and psychology...
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Marguerite J. Purnell, RN; PhD Abstract: Light is the metaphor for wisdom; we seek and turn toward light as we seek and reach for wisdom, personally and professionally. The purpose of human life is, as Jung noted, kindling the light of meaning to illuminate...
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McKenna, Bernard, Rooney, David, Boal, Kimberley B " Abstract : This article responds to calls in the management and leadership literature to articulate a role for wisdom. While many talk about the role of wisdom, few people have attempted to articulate...
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by Martin Frické Abstract : The paper evaluates the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. This hierarchy, also known as the 'knowledge hierarchy', is part of the canon of information science and management. Arguments are offered...
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David Rooney, Bernard McKenna Abstract: Important aspects of knowledge that are underresearched include links between knowledge, wisdom and leadership. This represents a research lacuna, which, if addressed, can help leaders develop knowledge-based strategies...
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EMIL VIŠŇOVSKÝ "From among the many philosophies that have ever existed, the best versions may be considered the philosophies that exert their effect on human conduct. Philosophy for the sake of philosophy itself may be edifying and sublime, like...
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Thomas W. Meeks, MD; Dilip V. Jeste, MD Context Wisdom is a unique psychological trait noted since antiquity, long discussed in humanities disciplines, recently operationalized by psychology and sociology researchers, but largely unexamined in psychiatry...
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By Seana Moran, a wisdom grantee. "Commitment involves how a person invests resources in a work role over long periods of time. Creativity is a novel, appropriate variation that is embraced by a field of gatekeepers and transforms the symbolic domain...
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The planning theory of intention and of our agency highlights the fundamental coordinating and organizing roles of structures of planning in the temporally extended and social practical thought and action of agents like us. Intentions are elements of...
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Konrad R. Fialkowski "In their paper, “Archaic Human Admixture,” Garrigan and Kingan ( 2007 ) wrote, In contrast to Xp21 and RRM2P4 examples, in which the putatively introgressed archaic lineages were found at relatively low frequencies, the MCPH1...
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Perspective on wisdom, holism, and epistemics, a term used to describe the systematic study of subjective knowledge. This article is a commentary on the Neurobiology of Wisdom article in the same issue and journal. by James C. Harris, M.D. There is in...
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Sarah K. Paul In “Practical Knowledge,” Kieran Setiya argues for the thesis that “forming an intention is forming a belief about what one is doing, or what one is going to do.” He then takes up what appears to be a curious consequence of this thesis:...
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Scientists at MIT's Neuroengineering and Neuromedia Lab are genetically engineering mice such that certain genetic regions associated with brain functions can be switched on and off by the presence or absence of certain wavelengths of light. They...
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" P eople who believe that the mind can be replicated on a computer tend to explain the mind in terms of a computer. When theorizing about the mind, especially to outsiders but also to one another, defenders of artificial intelligence (AI) often...
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From the publisher: "The global financial crisis has made it painfully clear that powerful psychological forces are imperiling the wealth of nations today. From blind faith in ever-rising housing prices to plummeting confidence in capital markets...
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"The first full crisis of globalization means the start of a kinder, more selfless economic system. There are some who say this current global financial recession, this recession/depression that is being felt in London and New York, in Shanghai and...
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"This discussion was a fun yet informative study of the psychology behind community building and interaction on Websites. This video highlights some of presenter Derek Powazek’s “wisdom” concepts." Link to the video. From Texas State new media...
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by Natalie Angier in NYT "In the view of the primatologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills of an infant are at the heart of what makes us human. Through its ability to solicit and secure the attentive care not just of its mother...
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Decisions, Decisions in The Economist Feb. 13 2009 print edition "DICTATORS and authoritarians will disagree, but democracies work better. It has long been held that decisions made collectively by large groups of people are more likely to turn out...
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Abstract: This article reports exploratory research on the meanings associated with the concept of wisdom by two groups of intending information professionals. Concern for the limited success of knowledge management initiatives and the complexity and...
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Our theoretical understanding of individual differences can be used as a tool to test and refine theory. Individual differences are useful because judgments, including philosophically relevant intuitions, are the predictable products of the fit between...
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by Leemon McHenry (Ed.) "Nicholas Maxwell's provocative and highly-original philosophy of science urges a revolution in academic inquiry affecting all branches of learning, so that the single-minded pursuit of knowledge is replaced with the aim...
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A recently published review of J.L. Schellenberg's 2007 "The Wisdom to Doubt: A Justification of Religious Skepticism," Cornell University Press, 2007 by Jack Macintosh. Read the review
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Abstract: Planning for a future, rather than a current, mental state is a cognitive process generally viewed as uniquely human. Here, however, I shall report on a decade of observations of spontaneous planning by a male chimpanzee in a zoo. The planning...
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"Organizational justice research traditionally focuses on the unique predictability of different types of justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) and the relative importance of these types of justice on outcome variables. Recently,...
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"Michael S. Gazzaniga, a pioneer and world leader in cognitive neuroscience, has made an initial attempt to develop neuroethics into a brain-based philosophy of life that he hopes will replace the irrational religious and political belief-systems...
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The paper explores the question: Is humanity undergoing a radical shift in consciousness and are we in the beginnings of a new enlightenment that takes us beyond belief? I argue that we have entered a ‘transmodern age’ and identify, using key words, the...
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This paper compares, for the first time in one paper, two of the most eminent poet scientists of the seventeenh century and their enquiry into the challenges of science and technology, culture and society, and then, just as now, of a new beckoning enlightenment...
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by Jürgen Habermas & Paolo Flores d'Arcais in The Utopian. "The Utopian is very proud to present this fascinating debate between Jürgen Habermas and Paolo Flores d'Arcais, making Habermas' response to d'Arcais - in which he argues...
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Published in Prospect 's March 2009 edition by David Edmonds and Nigel Warburto: "Philosophers used to combine conceptual reflections with practical experiment. The trendiest new branch of the discipline, known as x-phi, wants to return to those...
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In The Huffington Post, posted February 16, 2009 Barry Schwartz, professor of social theory and social action at Swarthmore College, makes a passionate call for "practical wisdom" as an antidote to a society gone mad with bureaucracy. He argues...
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The Los Angeles Times recently printed an article about How to Live , by Henry Alford, a comedian who set out to write a book about wisdom. "Nothing distresses one of my friends more than hearing that someone has died short of their 70th birthday...
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Richard Trowbridge (Bryant & Stratton College) will be presenting a paper at the Central Division meeting of the Association for Informal Logic and Critical Thinking [AILACT]. The title of Richard's discussion will be "Critical Thinking and...
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The Fordham University Philosophy Department presents a Wisdom Workshop Friday, April 17th 2009 Fordham University Lincoln Center Campus New York City Despite the fact that philosophia is literally the love of wisdom, contemporary philosophers have given...
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Defining Wisdom grantee John Pfaff critiques a recent paper entitled " First Names and Crime: Does Unpopularity Spell Trouble? ," written by two economists at Shippensburg University, David Karlist and Daniel Lee, in the Huffington Post. The...
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Abstract: Human cognition requires coping with a complex and uncertain world. This suggests that dealing with uncertainty may be the central challenge for human reasoning. In Bayesian Rationality we argue that probability theory, the calculus of uncertainty...
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"The human brain is a magnificent instrument that has evolved over thousands of years to enable us to prosper in an impressive range of conditions. But it is wired to avoid complexity (not embrace it) and to respond quickly to ensure survival (not...
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Daniel Ochieng Orwenjo In Africa, the transmission of the overwhelming complexity of the people's day-to-day experiences are deeply rooted in the continent's rich cultural artistry. Proverbs are the most widely and commonly used in the continent's...
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Elizabeth Ann Smythe, Tony MacCulloch, Richard Charmley The lived experience of professional supervision is complex and dynamic. Techne, the knowledge that informs the 'know-how' of practice, offers guidance. Phronesis, the dynamic wisdom that...
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Herzog, Stefan M., Hertwig, Ralph The “wisdom of crowds” in making judgments about the future or other unknown events is well established. The average quantitative estimate of a group of individuals is consistently more accurate than the typical estimate...
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Timothy J. Lukes and Mary F. Scudder We suggest that Book Five of the Republic , where Plato discusses the status of women in the guardian class, is a superb source of Platonic insight. For it is precisely the discussion of women that is most vulnerable...
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In this chapter, we propose that society- and organization-level social context cues influence the endorsement of ethical leadership. More specifically, we propose that certain organizational culture values provide proximal contextual cues that people...
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MSNBC reporter Robin Lloyd interviews Defining Wisdom grantees Deborah Coen ("Uncertain Ground: A Historical Tectonics of Wisdom"), Ankur Gupta ("Wisdom is Compression: Data Compression as a Mathematical Measure of Wisdom"), and Jean...
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by Andrew Zuckerman "Inspired by the idea that wisdom is the greatest gift one generation can give to another, award-winning photographer and filmmaker Andrew Zuckerman interviewed, photographed and filmed 50 of the world's great writers, actors...
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By Jerry Adler | NEWSWEEK "The quest for wisdom is as old as Socrates, but it's also an up-to-the-minute economic indicator. A contrarian one: when things are going well, you don't have to go searching for wisdom. It streams nonstop over...
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For all responses from Edge.org to the question "What will change everything?" go to The World Questions Center 2009 . Here, many intellectuals from around the globe adress the question of "What game-changing scientific ideas and developments...
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Michael Bonnett Considerations arising in the context of burgeoning concerns about the environment can provoke an exploration of issues that have significance both for environmental education in particular and education more generally. Notions of the...
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"Everyday inductive inferences are often guided by rich background knowledge. Formal models of induction should aim to incorporate this knowledge and should explain how different kinds of knowledge lead to the distinctive patterns of reasoning found...
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by Håkan Tell Plato constantly accuses the sophists of teaching for money.1 For example, in the Hippias Maior (282c–d), Sokrates elaborates a distinction between the wise men of old, who did not think it right to charge fees, and the sophists of his own...
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The Senate Electoral Cycle and Bicameral Appropriations Politics Kenneth A. Shepsle 1 Robert P. Van Houweling 2 Samuel J. Abrams 3 Peter C. Hanson 4 We consider the consequences of the Senate electoral cycle and bicameralism for distributive politics...
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This article offers an example of wisdom in the context of the biological sciences, suggesting that some insects form swarms in order to avoid predation. Source: The Scientist The propensity of locusts to form huge swarms and blanket landscapes may have...
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Philippe N. Tobler Emerging evidence suggests that the long-established distinction between habit-based and goal-directed decision-making mechanisms can also be sustained in humans. Although the habit-based system has been extensively studied in humans...
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The Arete Initiative at the University of Chicago is pleased to announce a new $3 million research program on a New Science of Virtues. This is a multidisciplinary research initiative that seeks contributions from individuals and from teams of investigators...
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The Nov. 12, 2008 issue of the Templeton Report featured an overview of the Defining Wisdom RFP Project at the University of Chicago. The Templeton Report: News from the John Templeton Foudation is a twice monthly electronic newsletter from the foundation...
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Kim Samudra Jaida Anthropologists studying dance, sports, or other kinesthetic cultures may face the difficulty of rendering into analytic discourse those bodily practices consultants do not express verbally. Through thick participation, we may use our...
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Michel Ferrari and Georges Potworowski, eds. Wisdom is valued as an ideal aim of personal development around the world. But we rarely see how wisdom is understood in different religious and philosophical traditions and different scientific disciplines...
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by Defining Wisdom grantee Ute Kunzmann In cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from the Berlin Aging Study, fellow researchers and I examined performance-based and self-evaluative indicators of functioning in two realms as predictors of individual...
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by Dilip V. Jeste, M.D. and Ipsit V. Vahia, M.D. Abstract: The study of wisdom has recently become a subject of growing scientific interest, although the concept of wisdom is ancient. This article focuses on conceptualization of wisdom in the Bhagavad...
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Abstract: Wisdom has intrigued both scholars and laypersons since antiquity. On the one hand, its seemingly ethereal yet obvious qualities are timeless and universal. On the other hand, these same qualities are evolving and responsive to historical and...
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Richard Trowbridge has been collecting and commenting on empirical studies of Wisdom for many years. In addition to his dissertation, he maintains the list on his website. For those digging into the subject, this is a wealth of information. His site,...
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DEFINING WISDOM AWARDS ANNOUNCED Congratulations to the award winners of the Defining Wisdom grant competition. Participants were chosen because each showed the promise of a distinctive contribution to wisdom research and the potential to help establish...
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" Michael S. Gazzaniga, a pioneer and world leader in cognitive neuroscience, has made an initial attempt to develop neuroethics into a brain-based philosophy of life that he hopes will replace the irrational religious and political belief-systems...
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GRANTS AND GIVING Templeton Foundation, U. of C. make wise funding decision By Charles Storch Chicago Tribune reporter August 21, 2008 The wisdom of the ages could use freshening up. That's the thinking at the John Templeton Foundation , which has...
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John Cacioppo and William Patrick have released a new book on Cacioppo's work over the past 30 years entitled Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection. Visit their website www.scienceofloneliness.com for more information. Feeling...
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Abstract: For more than two decades political scientists have discussed rising elite polarization in the United States, but the study of mass polarization did not receive comparable attention until fairly recently. This article surveys the literature...
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Abstract: Traditional theories of moral development emphasize the role of controlled cognition in mature moral judgment, while a more recent trend emphasizes intuitive and emotional processes. Here we test a dual-process theory synthesizing these perspectives...
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Older Brain Really May Be a Wiser Brain The New York Times By SARA REISTAD-LONG Published: May 20, 2008 When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But a growing number of...
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The Older-and-Wiser Hypothesis The New York Times By STEPHEN S. HALL Published: May 6, 2007 In 1950, the psychoanalyst Erik H. Erikson, in a famous treatise on the phases of life development, identified wisdom as a likely, but not inevitable, byproduct...
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Abstract: When people selectively forget feedback that threatens the self ( mnemic neglect ), are those memories permanently lost or potentially recoverable? In two experiments, participants processed feedback pertaining either to themselves or to another...
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Abstract: Current data structures for searching large string collections either fail to achieve minimum space or cause too many cache misses. In this paper we discuss some edge linearizations of the classic trie data structure that are simultaneously...
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Since 1995, THE WISDOM PAGE (now at www.wisdompage.com) has made wisdom-related resources available to the Internet community: information about the nature of wisdom and how it can be developed, various on-line texts concerning wisdom, references to books...
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May 29 - June 1, 2008 in Monterey Bay, California Since the Enlightenment, public systems of education have tended to focus on the efficient transmission of acquired knowledge. Consequently, the deeper aim of education—the evocation of wisdom in the human...
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June 29 - July 2, 2008 in San Antonio, Texas The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE®) is pleased to announce that noted author and journalist James Surowiecki will deliver the opening keynote address at the 29th annual National Educational...
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" Established wisdom in cognitive science holds that the everyday folk psychological abilities of humans—our capacity to understand intentional actions performed for reasons—are inherited from our evolutionary forebears. In Folk Psychological Narratives...
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Abstract: We propose that social psychological findings on the intuitive bases of moral judgment have broad implications for moral education. The “five foundations theory of intuitive ethics” is applied to explain a longstanding rift in moral education...
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Abstract: Rousseau is famous as an advocate of the politics of "denaturing." But attention to his conception of the "science of the legislator," as developed in the Geneva Manuscript and his writings on Poland and Corsica, reveals...
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Available online: http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=bupp_28_3
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by Tom Jackson, New York Times Magazine. Source: Monika Ardelt, University of Florida – Gainesville. Can something as subjective as wisdom be measured like stress or cholesterol? Some researchers have been trying to do just that. Among them is Monika...
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"The Catholic University of America Press is pleased to announce publication of Understanding Our Being: Introduction to Speculative Philosophy in the Perennial Tradition by John W. Carlson. In the encyclical Fides et ratio, Pope John Paul II called...
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In November 2007, the Arete Initiative received over 600 applications for the Defining Wisdom grant competition. Applicants from over 35 countries submitted project ideas that represented practically all academic disciplines. This past January, the Project...
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Grant seeks “wisdom” scholars for U of C. Chicago Maroon. By Supriya Sinhababu, Friday, November 2, 2007 Defining Wisdom, a project sponsored by the University’s Arete Initiative and funded by the John Templeton Foundation, is now accepting letters of...
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Templeton grant to fund investigations into wisdom. The University of Chicago Chronicle . By Willliam Harms, News Office. April 12, 2007, Vol. 26, No. 14 The University will serve as the center for a new national effort to develop scholarly investigations...
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Assessments of science are important for many different reasons. For individuals early in their careers, metrics of scientific work can provide valuable feedback about where they stand and the progress they have made. For faculty seeking to hire another...
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Valerie Tiberius is a Defining Wisdom RFP grant recipient. Her project, in addition to her new book, is about the psychological bases of reflective wisdom. What can we do to live life wisely? You might think that the answer would be to think and reflect...
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Abstract: Formulating the problem of compound lotteries, which marks the origination of expected utility theory (EUT), has generated a stream of formal work in the field of economics decision making. Where subjective EUT determines the rational choice...
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In this article, we analyzed the information processing that underlies nonconscious impression formation. In the first experiment (Experiment 1), the nonconscious activation of the impression formation goal led to a faster analysis of the trait implications...
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Individuals with non-fluent aphasia have difficulty producing syntactically laden words, such as function words, whereas individuals with fluent aphasia often have difficulty producing semantically specific words. It is hypothesised that such dissociations...
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Scholars of various kinds long have documented the great degree to which people are influenced by similar others. Indeed, the opinions, experiences and behaviors of friends, neighbors and coworkers can provide an invaluable gold mine of persuasive resources...
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One of America's foremost political theorists explores the connections between our political and ethical convictions, changing forever the way we understand the notion of "sovereignty." Throughout the history of human intellectual endeavor...
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The adaptive toolbox is a Darwinian-inspired theory that conceives of the mind as a modular system that is composed of heuristics, their building blocks, and evolved capacities. The study of the adaptive toolbox is descriptive and analyzes the selection...
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Some actions are freer than others, and the difference is palpably important in terms of inner process, subjective perception, and social consequences. Psychology can study the difference between freer and less free actions without making dubious metaphysical...
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A founder of the Deep Ecology Movement, Arne Naess' has produced articles on environmentalism that have provided unmatched inspiration for ecologists, philosophers, and activists worldwide. This collection amasses a definitive group of Naess'...
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by Anna Craft (Editor), Howard Gardner (Editor), Guy Claxton (Editor) This book is oriented towards educators as trustees of the culture to aid development of creativity and wisdom. In this sense it is practice-oriented. This book came up during our Defining...
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by Patrick McKee The term “wise” applied to judgments is honorific, suggesting special epistemic achievement. That achievement consists in making a judgment on the basis of an aspect of inner experience I call “seeing through illusion.” I analyze the...
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It seems that people—from philosophers to scientists to journalists to the ordinary “folk” we have surveyed—share the intuition that “if our brain makes us do it, then we aren’t morally responsible.” We think that this intuition runs deep and that it...
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The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is designed to measure the strength of mental association between each of a pair of target categories (e.g., Black vs. White) and each of a pair of attributes (e.g., negative vs. positive). Recent work on the mere acceptance...
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The Kosmos Journal intro to the article: A long-time researcher of wisdom tells us how outwardly acquired intellectual knowledge and inwardly acquired insightful knowledge imbue transformative action with wisdom and make it maximally effective. The full...
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If we want to become wiser people, we can develop the characteristics of wisdom — the relevant perspectives, and values, and intellectual knowledge — and incorporate them into our lives. In this article Macdonald discusses 9 tools that can help us do...
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One aspect of wisdom involves relating local happenings to various contexts. The most fundamental of those contexts are the physical and mental realities with which, and through which, we live our lives. Using contemporary concepts, this article presents...
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by Nicholas Maxwell From Knowledge to Wisdom argues that there is an urgent need, for both intellectual and humanitarian reasons, to bring about a revolution in science and the humanities. The outcome would be a kind of academic inquiry rationally devoted...
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Before one tries to approach ancient wisdom one needs to develop a definition of wisdom generally and ask a few more detailed questions about it. Do different peoples and cultures perceive wisdom in the same way? Is it a singular unified concept? Has...
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The Political Ideas of Leo Strauss, Updated Edition by Shadia B. Drury A book review of Drury's book suggests that the quest for wisdom was pivotal to Strauss' inquiry.
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For thirty years, Robert J. Sternberg has been among the most vocal critics of narrow conceptions of intelligence. In Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized Sternberg critically reviews and summarizes the best research available on human intelligence...
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Leadership depends on the situation. Few social scientists would dispute the validity of this statement. But the statement can be interpreted in many different ways, depending, at least in part, on what one means by leadership. This article begins with...
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The agenda for theory and research in the field of leadership studies has evolved over the last 100 years from focuses on the internal dispositions associated with effective leaders to broader inquiries that include emphases on the cognitions, attributes...
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The trait-based perspective of leadership has a long but checkered history. Trait approaches dominated the initial decades of scientific leadership research. Later, they were disdained for their inability to offer clear distinctions between leaders and...
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This book uses the story of an important intellectual family, the Exners, to shed light on the science, politics, intellectual thought, and culture of fin-de-siècle (end of century) Vienna. Coen focuses on the family’s value of uncertainty, contradicting...
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This paper revisits the data-information-knowledge- wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy by examining the articulation of the hierarchy in a number of widely read textbooks, and analysing their statements about the nature of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom...
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This article reviews a systems model of leadership. According to the model, effective leadership is a synthesis of wisdom, creativity, and intelligence (WICS). It is in large part a decision about how to marshal and deploy these resources. One needs creativity...
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Ample empirical research on values has demonstrated that clients' values tend to become increasingly like those of their therapist during therapy. There is little research, however, on how therapists negotiate value conflicts and the role of values...
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The author's research examined automatically activated attitudes toward desired end-states. Across 4 studies, participants' automatic attitudes toward goals (i.e., thinness, egalitarianism) significantly predicted their goal pursuit, including...
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This study examined the psychosocial correlates and psychometric properties of the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS) (Webster, 2003 a). Seventy-three men and 98 women ranging in age from 17-92 years (Mean age = 42.77) completed an expanded, 40-item version...
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This paper is about the evolution of hominin intelligence. I agree with defenders of the social intelligence hypothesis in thinking that externalist models of hominin intelligence are not plausible: such models cannot explain the unique cognition and...
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Despite recent scholarly interest in Monteverdi's Selva morale et spirituale (1641), many aspects of this large, complex print remain enigmatic, and the intended context for much of the music in the collection has long been a matter of pure conjecture...
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Efforts to educate and develop future military officers aim to produce highly competent, ethical and effective leaders to serve the nation. But while there is general agreement about desired outcomes, the underlying developmental processes associated...
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This study examined variable and pattern approaches to studying the influence of individual differences on both leadership emergence and leader effectiveness. Emergent leaders were identified and then followed for 9 months of effectiveness data gathering...
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This paper explores the role the Panhellenic centers played in facilitating the circulation of wisdom in ancient Greece. It argues that there are substantial thematic overlaps among practitioners of wisdom (sigma omicron phi omicron l), who are typically...
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Deane-Drummond argues that the theological traditions of natural law and wisdom offer helpful meeting points in discussions about evolutionary "purpose" and contingency in relation to theological purpose, and serve to form the basis for a theology...
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Two intuitions lie at the heart of our conception of free will. One intuition locates free will in our ability to deliberate effectively and control our actions accordingly: the ‘Deliberation and Control’ (DC) condition. The other intuition is that free...
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Education policymakers often go astray when they attempt to integrate multiple intelligences theory into schools, according to the originator of the theory, Howard Gardner, and his colleagues. The greatest potential of a multiple intelligences approach...
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Nathan Bupp interviews Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi on humanistic wisdom. Available online: http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?page=bupp_26_6§ion=library
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by Benedict M. Ashley Once thought to be the task of metaphysics, the synthesis of knowledge has been discounted by many philosophers today. Benedict Ashley, a leading Thomistic scholar, argues that it remains a valid and intellectually fruitful pursuit...
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Regarding the nature of wisdom, Macdonald says: "Wisdom is internal, embodied by persons. Words of wisdom arise from it. Wise behavior arises from it. But wisdom itself is not its products. Wisdom is a mode of cognition — one rooted in perspectives...
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In March and April of 2006, Copthorne Macdonald spent two weeks at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, as a "Thomas P. Johnson Distinguished Visiting Scholar." Among his activities was a public talk on the nature and development of wisdom...
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by Scott C. Brown and Jeffrey A. Greene In a previous study, a conceptual model of wisdom was created (Brown, 2004a) to better understand integrated learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure this wisdom construct. This...
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Clients who had completed psychotherapy were interviewed about the significant experiences and moments they recalled within their sessions. These interviews were analyzed using grounded theory, creating a hierarchy of categories that represent what clients...
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The author discusses the role of politics in human activities. She explores several views on politics. She looks at the political interpretations of notable political thinkers, such as Plato and Aristotle. She traces the historical origins of the denial...
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Autobiographies are particularly interesting in the context of moral philosophy because they offer us rare and extended examples of how other people think, feel and reflect, which is of crucial importance in the development of phronesis (practical wisdom...
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Vienna’s Institute of Experimental Biology, better known as the Vivarium, helped pioneer the quantification of experimental biology from 1903 to 1938. Among its noteable scientists were the director Hans Przibram and his brother Karl (a physicist), Paul...
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Amid the unrest, dislocation, and uncertainty of seventeenth-century Europe, readers seeking consolation and assurance turned to philosophical and scientific books that offered ways of conquering fears and training the mind—guidance for living a good...
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My initial work, with collaborators Stephen Morris, Thomas Nadelhoffer, and Jason Turner (2005, 2006), on surveying folk intuitions about free will and moral responsibility was designed primarily to test a common claim in the philosophical debates: that...
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In most studies to date, innovations were studied if their origination was witnessed or if they arose in response to a pronounced environmental change, making it difficult to generalize. In this study, we use an operational definition developed by Ramsey...
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We argue for attention to the evolutionary origins of economic behavior. Going beyond this, we argue that the economy of hunting and gathering was the context in which evolution shaped human characteristics that underlie modern economic behavior. We first...
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Contemporary debate suggests that religious belief defies 21st century science and knowledge. Yet in her new and thought-provoking book, Celia Deane-Drummond explores the twin themes of wonder and wisdom and examines their importance in tracing a spirituality...
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In this study, the authors explored whether wisdom-related performance could be enhanced by an instruction referring to the abstract concept of wisdom ("try to give a wise response"). The authors used three levels of activation of the concept...
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During the tumultuous final decade of the Thirty Years War, the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III used music as an important tool to further his religious and political agendas. Using the political ramifications of the emperor's public devotion to...
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This review traces the development of the field of cultural primatology from its origins in Japan in the 1950s to the present. The field has experienced a number of theoretical and methodological influences from diverse fields, including comparative experimental...
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We offer a systematic strategy that situates clinical ethical reasoning within the paradigm of clinical reasoning. The trajectory of this strategy parallels clinical reasoning: a plain statement of the initial problem, careful gathering of data, a differential...
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At a time when poor choices are being made by notably intelligent and powerful individuals, this book analyzes a form of reasoning and decision-making that is not only productive and prudent, but serves as well a beneficial purpose for society. A Handbook...
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Virtue and Psychology: Pursuing Excellence in Ordinary Practices issues a clarion call for psychologists and other mental health professionals to recognize the reality of virtue in social interaction. Virtues are character strengths such as generosity...
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"No one in this world, so far as I know, has ever lost money by underestimating the intelligence of the great masses of the plain people." -H. L. Mencken H. L. Mencken was wrong. In this endlessly fascinating book, New Yorker columnist James...
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The mnemic neglect effect is the phenomenon of disproportionately poor recall for threatening (rather than non-threatening) feedback that refers to the self (rather than another person). Does trait modifiability moderate mnemic neglect? We hypothesized...
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This research uses an autobiographical approach to examine the relation of age to several aspects of wisdom. In Study 1, adolescents', young adults', and older adults' wisdom narratives were content-coded for the types of life situations mentioned...
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This research uses an autobiographical approach to examine the relation of age to several aspects of wisdom. In Study 1 (N = 86), adolescents', young adults', and older adults' wisdom narratives were content-coded for the types of life situations...
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Who are the people who become positive educational leaders? This essay presents WICS as a model of positive educational leadership. WICS stands for wisdom , intelligence, creativity, synthesized. Each of these elements is asserted to constitute one of...
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Beginning with remarks on the complementary functions of basic research and interpretive scholarship, the first part of the essay focuses on varying concepts, of Bach images, discusses authentic and unauthentic Bach portraits as well as images of the...
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Three studies examined the relationship between need for cognition and support for punitive responses to crime. The results of Study 1 (N = 110) indicated that individuals high in need for cognition were less supportive of punitive measures than their...
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The ability to distinguish self from non-self is one of the fundamental organizing principles of life on Earth. Such recognition systems permit the unification of dis- tinct e