By Alexandros Apostolou and Vasilis Koulaidis The aim of this paper is to study the epistemological views of science teachers for the following epistemological issues: scientific method, demarcation of scientific knowledge, change of scientific knowledge... Read more>>

By Daniel K. Campbell-Meiklejohn, Dominik R. Bach, Andreas Roepstorff, Raymond J. Dolan1 and Chris D. Frith "The opinions of others can easily affect how much we value things. We investigated what happens in our brain when we agree with others about... Read more>>

By James F. Sumowski, Glenn R. Wylie, DPhil, Nancy Chiaravalloti, and John DeLuca "Learning and memory impairments are prevalent among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, such deficits are only weakly associated with MS disease severity... Read more>>

By Emily B. Falk, Elliot T. Berkman, Traci Mann, Brittany Harrison, and Matthew D. Lieberman "Although persuasive messages often alter people's self-reported attitudes and intentions to perform behaviors, these self-reports do not necessarily... Read more>>

BY ANDREA SCARANTINO AND GUALTIERO PICCININI "According to the Veridicality Thesis, information requires truth. On this view, smoke carries information about there being a fire only if there is a fire, the proposition that the earth has two moons... Read more>>

by Ruud Custers and Henk Aarts People often act in order to realize desired outcomes, or goals. Although behavioral science recognizes that people can skillfully pursue goals without consciously attending to their behavior once these goals are set, conscious... Read more>>

By Victor A. F. Lamme Is there consciousness in machines? Or in animals? What happens to consciousness when we are asleep, or in vegetative state? These are just a few examples of the many questions about consciousness that are troubling scientists and... Read more>>

By Dani Dumitriu, Jiandong Hao, Yuko Hara, Jeffrey Kaufmann, William G. M. Janssen, Wendy Lou, Peter R. Rapp, and John H. Morrison Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) occurs in many mammalian species, including humans. In contrast to Alzheimer’s disease... Read more>>

By Heidi M. Levitt and Daniel Williams "Eminent therapists across psychotherapy meta-orientations were asked to describe the processes by which they facilitate change in psychotherapy. A grounded theory analysis of these interviews was conducted... Read more>>

By Joshua M. Ackerman, Christopher C. Nocera, John A. Bargh "Touch is both the first sense to develop and a critical means of information acquisition and environmental manipulation. Physical touch experiences may create an ontological scaffold for... Read more>>

We all know the story in which science supposedly demonstrates a Bumblebee only flies because it doesn’t know it can’t. I know the real story but like that one better because the bumblebee still goes about its daily tasks, unencumbered by knowing about... Read more>>

By Kurt C. Strange The information age presents great opportunity to move from data to information to knowledge and potentially to go further to generate understanding and wisdom. As information is generated in ever smaller segments, however, and as we... Read more>>

By Tom Abeles Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the emerging science of complexity and the rise of fast computational capabilities on human understanding of the world and the implications for education. Design/methodology... Read more>>

By Stephanie Schnorbus Most historians agree there was a shift away from Calvinism and toward Enlightenment thought during the eighteenth century. When discussing that shift in relation to children's literature or education, some historians use The... Read more>>

By Christopher Cannon In an essay in which he explored the nature of the proverb, Kenneth Burke wondered why it would not be possible to 'extend such analysis … to encompass the whole field of literature'. For Burke, the possibility for such extension... Read more>>

By Stanley H. Ambrose The evolution of modern human behavior was undoubtedly accompanied by neurological changes that enhanced capacities for innovation in technology, language, and social organization associated with working memory. Constructive memory... Read more>>

By April Nowell Hominin evolution is the result of complex interactions of biology and behavior within particular physical, social, and cultural environments. While evolution takes place at the species level, species are made up of individuals engaging... Read more>>

By Philip J. Barnard The dominant conceptualization of working memory distinguishes mechanisms that handle auditory‐verbal and visuospatial representations from central executive resources that control and guide them. A straightforward case can be made... Read more>>

Claudia Preuschhof, Torsten Schubert, Arno Villringer, and Hauke R. Heekeren Neurophysiological data suggest that the integration of prior information and incoming sensory evidence represents the neural basis of the decision-making process. Here, we aimed... Read more>>

By Eerik Lagerspetz There is a permanent tension between the requirements of substantive goodness or wisdom and those of formal legitimacy in public decision-making. This article charts the various attempts to reconcile the two requirements within decision... Read more>>

By Lewis Asimeng-Boahene Preparing children to function effectively as global citizens in today's complex and ethnically polarized nations and the world, will require students who think critically about the knowledge of the histories, experiences... Read more>>

The article, written by Defining Wisdom grantee Deborah Coen , reviews several books on the history of weather, including "Hurricanes and Society in the British Greater Caribbean, 1624-1783," by Matthew Mulcahy, "British Weather and the... Read more>>

by N Robson and D Rew AIM: To describe systems for capturing and optimising collective knowledge and insight in areas of complexity and uncertainty in surgical oncology, with particular reference to the Delphi process and related systems. METHODS: Internet... Read more>>

by Marco A. Janssen, Robert Holahan, Allen Lee, and Elinor Ostrom Governance of social-ecological systems is a major policy problem of the contemporary era. Field studies of fisheries, forests, and pastoral and water resources have identified many variables... Read more>>

Meaning and Value in a Secular Age: Why Eupraxsophy Matters The Writngs of Paul Kurtz Edited by Nathan Bupp The term eupraxsophy was first coined and introduced by Paul Kurtz in 1988 to characterize a secular orientation to life that stands in contrast... Read more>>

By Eric Baylin The article is a personal account of my engagement with some recent neuroscientific theory put forth by Mary Helen Immordino‐Yang (University of Southern California) about the integral relationship between emotion and cognition. Specifically... Read more>>

By Dharm P. S. Bhawuk The epistemology of Indian Psychology (IP) is akin to that of Indian Philosophy or in general the Indian world view of knowledge, truth and belief about making sense of the self and the world. In this article, the epistemological... Read more>>

By Gregory Arief D. Liem, Allan B. I. Bernardo Using the theory of planned behavior or TPB (Ajzen, 2005) as a general framework, the study examines the role of Indonesian students’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing (epistemological beliefs... Read more>>

By Jack Reynolds While there is a great diversity of treatments of other minds and inter-subjectivity within both analytic and continental philosophy, this article specifies some of the core structural differences between these treatments. Although there... Read more>>

By Karim-Aly Kassam How is book-learning at university made relevant to societal needs? What pedagogical framework helps to transform students from those who know about major challenges of the twenty-first century to those who know how to respond to such... Read more>>

By Keith Ansell Pearson This chapter seeks to make a contribution to the growing interest in Nietzsche's relation to traditions of therapy in philosophy that has emerged in recent years. It is in the texts of his middle period (1878–82) that Nietzsche's... Read more>>

By Robert Ricco, Sara Schuyten Pierce and Connie Medinilla This study seeks to establish the relevance of middle school students’ naïve beliefs about knowledge and learning in science to their achievement motivation in this domain. A predominantly Hispanic... Read more>>

By Suzanna Smith The very title of Eva Brann's book suggests the extent to which "our feelings" is a topic at once familiar and unknown. The title could have been "Feeling Your Feelings" or simply "Feeling Feelings,"... Read more>>

By Yvonne Howell Are we innately superstitious? Is it possible for even the most hardened atheist-existentialist not see the hand of destiny, traffic deities, or other disembodied psychological agents when a fortuitous parking spot transforms his life... Read more>>

By Thorsten Botz-Bornstein The Chinese concept of wen is examined here in the context of contemporary gene theory and the "cultural branch" of gene theory called "memetics." The Chinese notion of wen is an untranslatable term meaning... Read more>>

By Brian J. Bruya Scholars working in philosophy of action still struggle with the freedom/determinism dichotomy that stretches back to Hellenist philosophy and the metaphysics that gave rise to it. Although that metaphysics has been repudiated in current... Read more>>

By Jayna L. Ditty and Philip A. Rolnick Since 1859, with the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species , biology has increasingly challenged comfortable theological assumptions. Being convinced, however, that evolutionary biology and theology... Read more>>

By Dilip V. Jeste, Monika Ardelt, Dan Blazer, Helena C. Kraemer, George Vaillant and Thomas W. Meeks Purpose: Wisdom has received increasing attention in empirical research in recent years, especially in gerontology and psychology, but consistent definitions... Read more>>

By Christopher McMahon The paper distinguishes two ways of understanding a wise society. A society can be wise by virtue of possessing mostly true evaluative beliefs. Or it can be wise by virtue of employing rational procedures of collective belief formation... Read more>>

By Christina Van *** The reintroduction of aristotle's Analytics to the Latin West—in particular, the reintroduction of the Posterior Analytics —forever altered the course of medieval epistemological discussions. 1 In the memorable words of Jonathan... Read more>>

by Joachim Vosgerau People appear to be unrealistically optimistic about their future prospects, as reflected by theory and research in the fields of psychology, organizational behavior, behavioral economics, and behavioral finance. Many real-world examples... Read more>>

by Hunt Allcott and Sendhil Mullainathan The article discusses energy efficiency, human behavior, and research on both. The authors opine that behavioral sciences can be used to develop business and policy innovations. The article discusses relevant research... Read more>>

by Luhrmann, T. M., Nusbaum, Howard, Thisted, Ronald In this article, we use a combination of ethnographic data and empirical methods to identify a process called “absorption,” which may be involved in contemporary Christian evangelical prayer practice... Read more>>

by Avraham D. Tabbach This article argues that the law should sometimes encourage offenders to incur costs to avoid punishment. Avoidance, such as concealment of evidence, perjury, or obstruction of justice, is generally deemed socially undesirable because... Read more>>

by Gordon Sammut and George Gaskell The challenge of intercultural relations has become an important issue in many societies. In spite of the claimed value of intercultural diversity, successful outcomes as predicted by the contact hypothesis are but... Read more>>

by Tim Rakow and Ben R. Newell A striking finding has emerged recently in the literature: When decision makers are faced with essentially the same choice, their preferences differ as a function of whether options are described or are “experienced” via... Read more>>

Nicholas W. Simon , Candi L. LaSarge , Karienn S. Montgomery , Matthew T. Williams , Ian A. Mendez , Barry Setlow , Jennifer L. Bizon The ability to make advantageous choices among outcomes that differ in magnitude, probability, and delay until their... Read more>>

by Leon de Kock "The conceit is often adopted in the strategic performance of public wisdom - oracular, figurative, enunciating visions and versions of self as well as community - that truth is looming, that it is there to be embraced in self-evidently... Read more>>

by Elena G. Patsenko , Erik M. Altmann Routine human behavior has often been attributed to plans—mental representations of sequences goals and actions—but can also be attributed to more opportunistic interactions of mind and a structured environment.... Read more>>

Heinz Welsch and Jan Kühling This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the hypothesis of decision error in environmental-friendly consumption. Existing evidence suggests that people make systematic mistakes in affective forecasting that lead... Read more>>

by John L. Cordery, David Morrison, Brett M. Wright, Toby D. Wal In this paper, we seek to account for modest and inconsistent empirical support for a positive relationship between team autonomy and team performance by proposing that team task uncertainty... Read more>>

Stephan Schleim , Tade M. Spranger , Susanne Erk, Henrik Walter Various kinds of normative judgments are an integral part of everyday life. We extended the scrutiny of social cognitive neuroscience into the domain of legal decisions, investigating two... Read more>>

Stephen S. Hall "A compelling investigation into one of our most coveted and cherished ideals, and the efforts of modern science to penetrate the mysterious nature of this timeless virtue. We all recognize wisdom, but defining it is more elusive... Read more>>

From TED "Using examples from vacations to colonoscopies, Nobel laureate and founder of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman reveals how our "experiencing selves" and our "remembering selves" perceive happiness differently. This... Read more>>

by Igor Grossmann, Jinkyung Na, Michael E. W. Varnum, Denise C. Park, Shinobu Kitayama, and Richard E. Nisbett It is well documented that aging is associated with cognitive declines in many domains. Yet it is a common lay belief that some aspects of thinking... Read more>>

Vladas Griskevicius, Joshua M. Tybur, Bram Van den Bergh Why do people purchase proenvironmental “green” products? We argue that buying such products can be construed as altruistic, since green products often cost more and are of lower quality than their... Read more>>

Daniel M. Hausman and Brynn Welch One of the hottest ideas in current policy debates is “libertarian paternalism,” the design of policies that push individuals toward better choices without limiting their liberty. In their recent book, Nudge, Richard... Read more>>

By Ralph Adolphs Social neuroscience has been enormously successful and is making major contributions to fields ranging from psychiatry to economics. Yet deep and interesting conceptual challenges abound. Is social information processing domain specific... Read more>>

By Qiu J, Li H, Jou J, Liu J, Luo Y, Feng T, and Wu Z, Zhang Q. "In the present study, we used learning-testing paradigm to examine brain activation of "Aha" effects with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during... Read more>>

By Cheng-hung Tsai Epistemology of language, a branch of both epistemology and the philosophy of language, asks what knowledge of language consists in. In this paper, I argue that such an inquiry is a pointless enterprise due to its being based upon the... Read more>>

The focus on complexity as a problem of the financial meltdown of 2008–2009 suggests that crisis is in part epistemological: we now know enough about financial and economic systems to be threatened by their complexity, but not enough to relieve our fears... Read more>>

I have created a blog site where I will be uploading all my published and unpublished work plus Estories and Ebooks. To access these please go Charles Stirton's profile which lists the entries. The hotlink is situated just below the photograph. Read more>>

by Simon M. Laham, Sonavi Chopra, Mansur Lalljee, Brian Parkinson Reactions to moral transgressions are subject to influence at both the cultural and individual levels. Transgressions against an individual's rights or against social conventions of... Read more>>

Elizabeth Tricomi, Antonio Rangel, Colin F. Camerer, John P. O’Doherty A popular hypothesis in the social sciences is that humans have social preferences to reduce inequality in outcome distributions because it has a negative impact on their experienced... Read more>>

Justin Greaves, Wyn Grant This article argues that interdisciplinary collaboration can offer significant intellectual gains to political science in terms of methodological insights, questioning received assumptions and providing new perspectives on subject... Read more>>

by Thalia R. Goldstein, Katherine Wu, Ellen Winner Actors must imagine themselves in a different world: they must adopt the perspective of multiple characters, grasp their beliefs and intentions, and feel their emotions. In this study we tested the hypothesis... Read more>>

by James Forbes and S. Murat Kara A comprehensive investment literacy questionnaire surveyed potential sources (viz., knowledge, confidence) of investing self-efficacy in a large sample of working adults. As expected, the effect of investment knowledge... Read more>>

(A Collaborative Project of the Institute for 21st Century Agoras) "The Talking Point is all about how people learn within groups. People can be much smarter than crowds if you measure “smart” as decision-making speed. Crowds can be much wiser than... Read more>>

Jennifer R. Henretty, Heidi M. Levitt Over 90% of therapists self-disclose to clients (Mathews, 1989; Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987; Edwards & Murdock, 1994), however, the implications of therapist self-disclosure are unclear, with highly... Read more>>

by Neha Khetrapal Perceptual load hypothesis is proposed as a compromise between early and late theory of selective attention which states that the selection will operate early when the load on perception is high and it will operate late when the load... Read more>>

In this chapter we examine how effective leadership varies across national and cultural boundaries. Specifically, we ask what elements of leadership are core and more universal across these boundaries? The foundation of our approach is the notion that... Read more>>

This article begins Considering the complexity of the world situation and the large number of problems that humanity faces, the task of achieving a heaven on earth seems daunting. Where does one start? Is there by any chance a simplifying element, a focal... Read more>>

Simon T. Kaye Counterfactualism is a useful process for historians as a thought-experiment because it offers grounds to challenge an unfortunate contemporary historical mindset of assumed, deterministic certainty. This article suggests that the methodological... Read more>>

Shannon Spaulding Recently, philosophers and psychologists defending the embodied cognition research program have offered arguments against mindreading as a general model of our social understanding. The embodied cognition arguments are of two kinds:... Read more>>

Susannah B. F. Paletz , Christian D. Schunn The psychology of science typically lacks integration between cognitive and social variables. We present a new framework of team innovation in multidisciplinary science and engineering groups that ties factors... Read more>>

Jeffrey Church The ever-growing body of literature on civil society can benefit from a return to the original theoretical articulation and defense of the concept in the work of G.W.F. Hegel. Specifically, this article suggests that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's... Read more>>

Laura Sizer Happiness is something we all want and strive for. But what is it and why do we want it so badly? Philosophers have offered two sorts of answers to the first question, identifying happiness either with a psychological state or condition (a... Read more>>

Jorge F. del Valle, Amaia Bravo, Mónica López The authors carried out an assessment of social support networks with a sample of 884 Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 17. The main goal was to analyze the development of the figures of parents and peers as... Read more>>

Peter Suedfeld, Rajiv Jhangiani Using integrative complexity scoring, the current study addresses how communications by leaders of India and Pakistan have revealed their information processing and decision-making strategies. The hostility between India... Read more>>

Marc Hauser and Justin Wood We synthesize the contrasting predictions of motor simulation and teleological theories of action comprehension and present evidence from a series of studies showing that monkeys and apes—like humans—extract the meaning of... Read more>>

Reka Daniel and Stefan Pollmann The dopaminergic system is known to play a central role in reward-based learning (Schultz, 2006), yet it was also observed to be involved when only cognitive feedback is given (Aron et al., 2004). Within the domain of information... Read more>>

Christopher Hemond, Rachel M. Brown, Edwin M. Robertson Humans have a prodigious capacity to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Being distracted while, for example, performing a complex motor skill adds complexity to a task and thus leads to a performance... Read more>>

By Rachel Barr, Alexis Lauricella, Elizabeth Zack, Sandra L. Calvert. This study described the relations among the amount of child-directed versus adult-directed television exposure at ages 1 and 4 with cognitive outcomes at age 4. Sixty parents completed... Read more>>

Joan Y. Chiao , Tokiko Harada , Hidetsugu Komeda , Zhang Li , Yoko Mano , Daisuke Saito , Todd B. Parrish , Norihiro Sadato and Tetsuya Iidaka People living in multicultural environments often encounter situations which require them to acquire different... Read more>>

Annabelle Lever This article shows that judicial review has a democratic justification, although it is not necessary for democratic government and its virtues are controversial and often speculative. Against critics like Waldron and Bellamy, it shows... Read more>>

Kristen Renwick Monroea, William Chiua, Adam Martina and Bridgette Portman We contribute to a greater understanding of political psychology by 1) collecting data in a more systematic way for the intellectual community, 2) sensitizing students to the extent... Read more>>

Jacob Hacker A review of The Measure of America: American Human Development Report, 2008-2009 , by Sarah Burd-Sharps, Kristen Lewis, and Eduardo Borges Martins. Reports from abroad on the American condition have a special place in the canon of social... Read more>>

By Daniel G. Campos I discuss the epistemic conditions for the possibility of mathematical discovery that are implied by Peirce’s logic of mathematical inquiry. Peirce describes the mathematician’s reasoning abilities as the powers of imagination, concentration... Read more>>

By Lori Gruen Val Plumwood urged us to attend to earth others in non-dualistic ways. In this essay I suggest that such attention be promoted through what I call "engaged empathy." Engaged empathy involves critical attention to the conditions... Read more>>

By Lauren Barlow Elie Wiesel's Souls on Fire , released in 1972, is a personal retelling of the lives and legends of the early Hasidic masters of Eastern Europe. The novel begins with the movement's founder, the Baal Shem, and chronicles the rise... Read more>>

By Hayrettín Yücesoy This article discusses the translation of ancient Greek, Indian, and Persian texts of philosophy and sciences into Arabic from the eighth through the tenth centuries c.e. In particular, it addresses the issue of how ancient sciences... Read more>>

Seana Moran Purpose is an internal compass that integrates engagement in activities that affect others, self-awareness of one's reasons, and the intention to continue these activities. We argue that purpose represents giftedness in intrapersonal intelligence... Read more>>

Melissa J. Ferguson and Vivian Zayas Humans continuously evaluate aspects of their environment (people, objects, places) in an automatic fashion (i.e., unintentionally, rapidly). Such evaluations can be highly adaptive, triggering behavioral responses... Read more>>

Heidi M. Levitt, Woraporn Rattanasampan, Sean Suwichit, Caroline Stanley, Tamara Robinson This qualitative study provides an understanding of how and when individuals experience transformational change as a consequence of reading narratives. Six participants... Read more>>

Barbara Fawcett, Maurice Hanlon In Australia and the United Kingdom over the past two decades, the way human service professionals have been involved in ‘communities’, whether defined by ‘place’, ‘interest’ or ‘exclusion’, has varied with the political... Read more>>

Susana Batel and Paula Castro This paper discusses the potential of the notions of reification and consensualization as developed by the theory of social representations as analytical tools for addressing the communication between the lay and scientific... Read more>>

Colin Campbell The concept of agency, although central to many sociological debates, has remained frustratingly elusive to pin down. This article is an attempt to open up what has been called the "black box" of personal agency by distinguishing... Read more>>

Francois Collet In this article, I revisit Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus and contrast it with Herbert Simon's notion of bounded rationality. Through a discussion of the literature of economic sociology on status and Fligstein's political... Read more>>

Maximilien Chaumon , Denis Schwartz and Catherine Tallon-Baudry Oscillatory synchrony in the gamma band (30–120 Hz) has been involved in various cognitive functions including conscious perception and learning. Explicit memory encoding, in particular,... Read more>>

By Nicholas Maxwell. What ought to be the aims of science? How can science best serve humanity? What would an ideal science be like, a science that is sensitively and humanely responsive to the needs, problems and aspirations of people? How ought the... Read more>>

Chang-Jiang Liu, Shu Li Research on the construction of self and of others has indicated that the way that individuals construe themselves and others exerts an important influence on their cognition, emotion, and even behavior. The present study extends... Read more>>

Ryan T. McKay, Daniel C. Dennett From an evolutionary standpoint, a default presumption is that true beliefs are adaptive and misbeliefs maladaptive. But if humans are biologically engineered to appraise the world accurately and to form true beliefs,... Read more>>

George Ainslie The radical evolutionary step that divides human decision-making from that of nonhumans is the ability to excite the reward process for its own sake, in imagination. Combined with hyperbolic over-valuation of the present, this ability is... Read more>>

Pascal Boyer A large amount of research in cognitive psychology is focused on memory distortions, understood as deviations from various (largely implicit) standards. Many alleged distortions actually suggest a highly functional system that balances the... Read more>>

Brian Steensland The "cultural turn" that swept across the social sciences a generation ago ushered in renewed attention to the cultural analysis of politics. Yet despite this growing area of research, there remains a lack of integration between... Read more>>

Miriam Matthews , Shana Levin , Jim Sidanius Using data from a longitudinal study of college students, this study assessed the relationships among the threat perceptions of realistic threat and intergroup anxiety, the ideological motives of system justification... Read more>>

Patricia Mooney Nickel Painting in fin-de-siècle Vienna, like public intellectuality in fin-de-siècle America, was an act of portrayal at a time when artists then, like intellectuals today, composed in an environment characterized by rapid technological... Read more>>

Nivien Saleh Positivism dominates research in U.S. political science. I will show that even though critical realism is virtually unknown in the discipline, realist concepts have found their way into debates among qualitative methodologists. The analysis... Read more>>

by Ute Kunzmann and David Richter Previously, we found that during films about age-typical losses, older adults experienced greater sadness than young adults, whereas their physiological responses were just as large. In the present study, our goal was... Read more>>

Francesca Gino, Lisa L. Shu and Max H. Bazerman People often make judgments about the ethicality of others’ behaviors and then decide how harshly to punish such behaviors. When they make these judgments and decisions, sometimes the victims of the unethical... Read more>>

Leslie E. Anderson Parties can be a crucial to democratic function but not all parties or party systems are democratic. Some parties are fully competitive within a pluralist system while others, notably hegemonic parties, are antithetical to democracy... Read more>>

William M.P. Klein and Peter R. Harris We explored whether self-affirmation enhances attentional bias toward threatening elements of a persuasive message. Female alcohol consumers read an article linking alcohol to *** cancer and were then exposed supraliminally... Read more>>

By Kai Kresse This article investigates ‘wisdom’ from an ethnographic perspective that pays attention to the ways in which knowledge is performed, appreciated, negotiated and questioned in everyday life in Mombasa, on the Swahili coast. It discusses the... Read more>>

By Wesley J. Wildman Brains are amazing organs in all creatures with central nervous systems and especially in human beings. But they are not perfect. Without forgetting the larger success story of cognitive evolution, I want to explore the way that cognitive... Read more>>

By Christopher J. Thompson To behold the heavens and gaze upon the infinite expanse of a star-studded sky, indeed to ponder any vista of creation's splendor is to be drawn not merely into the mystery of creation, the intricacies of cause and effect;... Read more>>

by Michael C. Mozer, Harold Pashler and Hadjar Homaei Griffiths and Tenenbaum (2006) asked individuals to make predictions about the duration or extent of everyday events (e.g., cake baking times), and reported that predictions were optimal, employing... Read more>>

by Stephan Lewandowsky, Thomas L. Griffiths, Michael L. Kalish Determining the knowledge that guides human judgments is fundamental to understanding how people reason, make decisions, and form predictions. We use an experimental procedure called ‘‘iterated... Read more>>

by Jeremy Taylor "Renowned dream expert Jeremy Taylor can help you discover how the hidden messages in your dreams can change your life. In The Wisdom of Your Dreams: Using Dreams to Tap Into Your Unconscious and Transform Your Life, Taylor shows... Read more>>

By Tarmo Toom This study compares Augustine's remarks on language acquisition in the Confessions with those of Stoics, Epicureans, and Pyrrhonists and assesses the similarities and differences of the respective accounts. It studies a specific issue... Read more>>

Joaquín M. Fuster Converging evidence from humans and nonhuman primates is obliging us to abandon conventional models in favor of a radically different, distributed-network paradigm of cortical memory. Central to the new paradigm is the concept of memory... Read more>>

Ralph Hertwig and Stefan M. Herzog Homo economicus cannot help but be puzzled by people's baffling array of social behaviors that conflict with economic theory. To accommodate these “deviant” behaviors within the standard view of rationality, defined... Read more>>

Klaus Fiedler and Michaela Wänke The entire discipline of social cognition has been greatly influenced by the heuristics-and-biases research program, which was traditionally based on an internal attribution of bounded rationality to the individual's... Read more>>

Martie G. Haselton , Gregory A. Bryant , Andreas Wilke , David A. Frederick , Andrew Galperin , Willem E. Frankenhuis , Tyler Moore A casual look at the literature in social cognition reveals a vast collection of biases, errors, violations of rational... Read more>>

Giovanni Frazzetto & Suzanne Anker Neuroscience addresses questions that, if resolved, will reveal aspects of our individuality. Therefore neuroscientific knowledge is not solely constrained within laboratories, but readily captures the attention... Read more>>

by Eric Luis Uhlmann, David A. Pizarro, David Tannenbaum and Peter H. Ditto Five studies demonstrated that people selectively use general moral principles to rationalize preferred moral conclusions. In Studies 1a and 1b, college students and community... Read more>>

By: Monique M. H. Pollman and Catrin Finkenauer Understanding is at the heart of intimate relationships. It is unclear, however, whether understanding—partners’ subjective feeling that they understand each other—or knowledge—partners’ accurate knowledge... Read more>>

By Yukiko Uchida, Sarah S. M. Townsend, Hazel Rose Markus, and Hilary B. Bergsieker Four studies using open-ended and experimental methods test the hypothesis that in Japanese contexts, emotions are understood as between people, whereas in American contexts... Read more>>

By Samir Okasha In models of multi-level selection, the property of Darwinian fitness is attributed to entities at more than one level of the biological hierarchy, e.g. individuals and groups. However, the relation between individual and group fitness... Read more>>

A review of Michael Ruse's book by Matt Gers. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Biology covers a broad range of topics in this field. It is not just a textbook focusing on evolutionary theory but encompasses ethics, social science and behaviour... Read more>>

Miriam Brandt, Ellen van Wilgenburg, Robert Sulc, Kenneth J Shea and Neil D Tsutsui (wisdom grantee) Background Ants form highly social and cooperative colonies that compete, and often fight, against other such colonies, both intra- and interspecifically... Read more>>

by Andrew Healy This paper presents experimental evidence about how effectively individuals learn from information coming from heterogeneous sources. In the experiment, Thai subjects observed information that came from Americans and from other Thais that... Read more>>

Giorgio Ganis and Julian Paul Keenan William Hazlitt (1778-1830), a British writer, once asserted that, “life is the art of being deceived.” Human social relations are so steeped in deception that it is impossible to imagine life without it. From great... Read more>>

Laura Menenti , Karl Magnus Petersson, René Scheeringa , and Peter Hagoort Both local discourse and world knowledge are known to influence sentence processing. We investigated how these two sources of information conspire in language comprehension. Two... Read more>>

Arie W. Kruglanski and Edward Orehek We analyze two conceptions of rationality featured in the social science literature, rationality as a means-ends relation and rationality as logical consistency . The former concerns the rationality of actions ; it... Read more>>

Carla Bagnoli This article argues that immoralists do not fully enjoy autonomous agency because they are not capable of engaging in the proper form of practical reflection, which requires relating to others as having equal standing. An adequate diagnosis... Read more>>

Felipe De Brigard, Eric Mandelbaum, David Ripley Some theorists think that the more we get to know about the neural underpinnings of our behaviors, the less likely we will be to hold people responsible for their actions. This intuition has driven some... Read more>>

Jeff Noonan Human life is finite. Given that lifetime is necessarily limited, the experience of time in any given society is a central ethical problem. If all or most of human lifetime is consumed by routine tasks (or resting for the resumption of routine... Read more>>

Michael T. Wojnowicz, Melissa J. Ferguson, Rick Dale, Michael J. Spivey How do minds produce explicit attitudes over several hundred milliseconds? Speeded evaluative measures have revealed implicit biases beyond cognitive control and subjective awareness... Read more>>

Emilio J. Castillo Science and scientific production have been widely promoted as powerful tools for advancing national economic and social development. While much progress has been made in determining whether this is the case, less understood are the... Read more>>

Patrick F. Parnaby Borrowing from Bourdieu’s theory of practice, specifically, the relationship between forms of capital and discourse on the one hand and the nature of symbolic domination on the other (see Bourdieu 1998; 1991), this paper seeks to answer... Read more>>

Igor Ryabov The academic achievement of immigrant children has been a focus of social research for decades. Yet little attention has been paid to peer social capital and its importance as a school context factor for the academic success of immigrant youths... Read more>>

Kathleen Gerson Sociology's enduring concern with explaining the links between individual and social change has never been more relevant. We are poised at a moment when changing lives are colliding with resistant institutions. These tensions have... Read more>>

Matthew S. Wood, J. Michael Pearson This article develops a theoretical model that suggests that differential levels of uncertainty, knowledge relatedness, and richness of information will have a substantial impact on the decision to engage in entrepreneurship... Read more>>

Mei-Chuan Wang, Sharon G. Horne, Heidi M. Levitt, Lisa M. Klesges The study examined Christian women's religious beliefs and practices in relationship to their intimate partner violence (IPV) relationships. The religious variables included religious... Read more>>

Francesca Grippa and Peter A. Gloor We measured interpersonal perception accuracy by focusing on the relationship between actors’ centrality and their ability to accurately report their social interactions. We used the network measures of actors’ betweenness... Read more>>

Sondra Gonzalez-Bailon Links play a twofold role on the web: they open the channels through which users access information, and they determine the centrality of sites and their visibility. This paper adds two factors to the analysis of links that aim... Read more>>

Jennifer Tolleson In contrast to its revolutionary beginnings, the psychoanalytic discourse has abandoned its potential as a critical, dissident force in contemporary life. It is imperative, in our efforts to engage in socially responsible clinical practice... Read more>>

by Joachim Gross and Markus Ploner Recent non-invasive studies in humans provide new insights into the timing of perceptual decision making and show that integrated sensory evidence is represented in motor areas well before a behavioral response. Read... Read more>>

by Alex H. Taylor and Russell D. Gray A new study shows that rooks are able to spontaneously drop stones into a tube of water to obtain a floating worm. This sophisticated problem solving raises intriguing questions about the use of imagination in animals... Read more>>

by Wade Davis "Over the past decade, many of us have been alarmed to learn of the rapidly accelerating extinction of our planet's diverse flora and fauna. But how many of us know that our human cultural diversity is also going extinct at a shocking... Read more>>

"In making decisions, when should we go with our gut and when should we try to analyze every option? When should we use our intuition and when should we rely on logic and statistics? Most of us would probably agree that for important decisions, we... Read more>>

by Jeffrey Dean Webster Abstract : The current project investigates wisdom and positive psychosocial characteristics in young adults in a series of three overlapping studies. Study 1 ( N = 61) investigated wisdom and ego-integrity, values, and life attitudes... Read more>>

Camille Roth, Jean-Philippe Cointet Socio-semantic networks involve agents creating and processing information: communities of scientists, software developers, wiki contributors and webloggers are, among others, examples of such knowledge networks. We... Read more>>

Dustin P. Calvillo and Alan Penaloza The deliberation-without-attention effect occurs when better decisions are made when people experience a period of distraction before a decision than when they make decisions immediately or when they spend time reflecting... Read more>>

Ap Dijksterhuis , Maarten W. Bos , Andries van der Leij , and Rick B. van Baaren In two experiments, we investigated the effects of expertise and mode of thought on the accuracy of people's predictions. Both experts and nonexperts predicted the results... Read more>>

Karim S. Kassam , Katrina Koslov , Wendy Berry Mendes People frequently make decisions under stress. Understanding how stress affects decision making is complicated by the fact that not all stress responses are created equal. Challenge states, for example... Read more>>

By Konrad Banicki. The main purpose of this article is to undertake a conceptual investigation of the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm: a psychological project initiated by Paul Baltes and intended to study the complex phenomenon of wisdom. Firstly, in order to... Read more>>

by Marshall Abrams Abstract: It’s recently been argued that biological fitness can’t change over the course of an organism’s life as a result of organisms’ behaviors. However, some characterizations of biological function and biological altruism tacitly... Read more>>

By Claudia Blöser, Aron Schöpf and Marcus Willaschek The aim of this paper is to suggest that a necessary condition of autonomy has not been sufficiently recognized in the literature: the capacity to critically reflect on one’s practical attitudes (desires... Read more>>

By Adrian Furnham In all, 187 participants completed a new, self-report measure of eight multiple intelligences (Haselbauer 2005), a General Knowledge test (Irwing et al. Personality and Individual Differences 30:857–871, 2001), a measure of Approaches... Read more>>

Dean Keith Simonton Prior research supports the inference that scientific disciplines can be ordered into a hierarchy ranging from the "hard" natural sciences to the "soft" social sciences. This ordering corresponds with such objective... Read more>>

Anne Mesny This paper attempts to clarify or to reposition some of the controversies generated by Burawoy’s defense of public sociology and by his vision of the mutually stimulating relationship between the different forms of sociology. Before arguing... Read more>>

Erik Bijleveld, Ruud Custers, and Henk Aarts No abstract available. Read the article . Read more>>

Paul D. Windschitl, Andrew R. Smith, Jason P. Rose and Zlatan Krizan Does desire for an outcome inflate optimism? Previous experiments have produced mixed results regarding the desirability bias , with the bulk of supportive findings coming from one paradigm... Read more>>

By Helen Yitah This study is an attempt to document and critically explore what I term the "proverbial revolt" of Kasena women from northern Ghana. The women take advantage of a socially sanctioned medium, the joking relationship that exists... Read more>>

By Joshua A. Weller; Irwin P. Levin; Baba Shiv; Antoine Bechara Several lines of functional neuroimaging studies have attributed a role for the insula, a critical component of the brain's emotional circuitry, in risky decision-making. However, very... Read more>>

By Grégoire Mallard, Michèle Lamont, Joshua Guetzkow Epistemological differences fuel continuous and frequently divisive debates in the social sciences and the humanities. Sociologists have yet to consider how such differences affect peer evaluation.... Read more>>

By Pollmann, Monique; Finkenauer, Catrin When making affective forecasts, people commit the impact bias. They overestimate the impact an emotional event has on their affective experience. In three studies we show that people also commit the impact bias... Read more>>

By Marianne van Woerkom and Karin Sanders | Journal of Business and Psychology ' Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of disagreement and cohesiveness on knowledge sharing in teams, and on the performance of individual team... Read more>>

By Gail F. Latta Change resides at the heart of leadership. Organizational culture is one of many situational variables that have emerged as pivotal in determining the success of leaders' efforts to implement change initiatives. This article introduces... Read more>>

Ellen Peters, Nathan F. Dieckmann, Daniel Västfjäll, C. K. Mertz, Paul Slovic, Judith H. Hibbard Decision makers are often quite poor at using numeric information in decisions. The results of 4 experiments demonstrate that a manipulation of evaluative... Read more>>

By R. Radhakrishnan. The purpose of this essay is to complicate the rationale that informs "our" will to comparative knowledge. Why do we want to compare when we are not sure who the "we" is? Any act of comparison, despite the best... Read more>>

By Pheng Cheah. If comparison is a fundamental activity of human consciousness, then what is its stimulus internal to consciousness or the human spirit or something that comes from the external or objective world? This essay traces the genealogy of the... Read more>>

By Amos Yong | Religious Studies Review "This volume extends the conversation opened up by the series of volumes produced by the jointly sponsored Vatican Observatory and the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences (Berkeley, CA) ventures and... Read more>>

By P. J. Henry and David O Sears 'The conventional wisdom is that racial prejudice remains largely stable through adulthood. However, very little is known about the development of contemporary racial attitudes like symbolic racism. The growing crystallization... Read more>>

By Robin Dunbar. "Just what makes the difference between apes (and especially chimpanzees) and humans has remained one of the perennial questions that has bedeviled much of the debate in comparative psychology, as well as primatology and anthropology... Read more>>

By Angela M. Brant and et al. "The genetic and environmental trends in IQ development were assessed in 483 same-sex twin pairs in the Colorado longitudinal twin study using maximum-likelihood model-fitting analysis. The twins were assessed periodically... Read more>>

In 3 studies, participants made choices between hypothetical financial, environmental, and health gains and losses that took effect either immediately or with a delay of 1 or 10 years. In all 3 domains, choices indicated that gains were discounted more... Read more>>

By Joshua D. Greene, et al. (Joshua Green is a wisdom grantee). In some cases people judge it morally acceptable to sacrifice one person’s life in order to save several other lives, while in other similar cases they make the opposite judgment. Researchers... Read more>>

By Ryan P. Hanley, a wisdom grantee. The Scottish Enlightenment is commonly identified as the birthplace of modern social science. But while Scottish and contemporary social science share a commitment to empiricism, contemporary insistence on the separation... Read more>>

By Kristin D. Neff The idea that people need high self-esteem in order to be psychologically healthy is almost a truism in Western developmental psychology. Parents are told that one of their most important tasks is to nurture their children’s self-esteem... Read more>>

By M. FRANZ & C. L. NUNN "Culture is widely thought to be beneficial when social learning is less costly than individual learning and thus may explain the enormous ecological success of humans. Rogers (1988. Does biology constrain culture. Am... Read more>>

By R. I. M. Dunbar "The social brain hypothesis was proposed as an explanation for the fact that primates have unusually large brains for body size compared to all other vertebrates: Primates evolved large brains to manage their unusually complex... Read more>>

George I. Christopoulos, Philippe N. Tobler, Peter Bossaerts, Raymond J. Dolan, and Wolfram Schultz Decision making under risk is central to human behavior. Economic decision theory suggests that value, risk, and risk aversion influence choice behavior... Read more>>

By Ann Gleig "This edited collection provides a useful and clear overview of the increasing adoption of mindfulness practice by psychotherapeutic and medical communities. Defining mindfulness as the "awareness of present experience with acceptance... Read more>>

By Terry Regier and Paul Kay "The Whorf hypothesis holds that we view the world filtered through the semantic categories of our native language. Over the years, consensus has oscillated between embrace and dismissal of this hypothesis. Here, we review... Read more>>

This chapter in Leemon McHenry's book acknowledges Nicholas Maxwell's quest since the early 1980s: Maxwell has called for a shift in academic focus from knowledge acquisition for its own sake to “what is of value in life” for human beings. Knowledge... Read more>>

Karoline Strauss , Mark A. Griffin and Alannah E. Rafferty Employees' proactive behaviour is increasingly important for organizations seeking to adapt in uncertain economic environments. This study examined the link between leadership and proactive... Read more>>

Marcia K. Johnson , Susan Nolen-Hoeksema , Karen J. Mitchell and Yael Levin Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural activity associated with self-reflection in depressed [current major depressive episode (MDE)] and healthy... Read more>>

Karola Stotz Recent years have seen the development of an approach both to general philosophy and philosophy of science often referred to as ‘experimental philosophy’ or just ‘X-Phi’. Philosophers often make or presuppose empirical claims about how people... Read more>>

Pieter J. Beers and Pieter W.G. Bots Constructing interdisciplinary knowledge is particularly difficult because scientific knowledge is situated in its discipline. Researchers must find common ground to share, and this causes high transaction costs. This... Read more>>

Cokely, E.T., & Feltz, A. When the side effect of an action involves moral considerations (e.g. when a chairman’s pursuit of profits harms the environment) it tends to influence theory-of-mind judgments. On average, bad side effects are judged intentional... Read more>>

Straubinger, N., Cokely, E.T., & Stevens, J.R. According to Aristotle, humans are the rational animal. The borderline between rationality and irrationality is fundamental to many aspects of human life including the law, mental health, and language... Read more>>

This essay is an attempt to explore the ontology of context by elucidating its uses in the production of new knowledges out of the old. It is argued that some of the master concepts in anthropological discourse, to wit nature, culture, society and the... Read more>>

William Hart, Dolores Albarracín, Alice H. Eagly, Inge Brechan, Matthew J. Lindberg, Lisa Merrill A meta-analysis assessed whether exposure to information is guided by defense or accuracy motives. The studies examined information preferences in relation... Read more>>

The fact that we ought to prefer what is comparatively more likely to be good, I argue, does, contrary to consequentialism, not rest on any evaluative facts. It is, in this sense, a deontological requirement. As such it is the basis of our valuing those... Read more>>

"Monkeys like to know the size of rewards coming their way, and, in the brain, this desire is signalled by the same dopamine neurons that signal primitive rewards like sex and food. Ethan Bromberg-Martin and Okihide Hikosaka of the National Eye Institute... Read more>>

In this article, I argue that if we challenge some tacit assumptions of narrow rationality that endure in much of entrepreneurial studies, we can elevate entrepreneurial ethics beyond mere external constraints on rational action, and move toward fuller... Read more>>

Nigel E. Raine A recent study has found that butterflies maintain behavioural plasticity useful to them in rare environments by reducing associated costs in common environments. Butterflies use innate sensory biases to locate common green hosts, but learn... Read more>>

Justin L. Vincent A recent study shows that brain activity recorded while the human subject is at ‘rest’ is significantly affected by a prior learning episode. These results suggest that understanding resting brain activity may be critical to understanding... Read more>>

The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy Somewhere in Africa, more than a million years ago, a line of apes began to rear their young differently than their Great Ape ancestors. From this new form of care came new ways of... Read more>>

William E. Stempsey This article is an introduction to a special issue of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics on clinical reasoning. Clinical reasoning encompasses the gamut of thinking about clinical medical practice-the evaluation and management of patients'... Read more>>

Exploring informal components of clinical reasoning, we argue that they need to be understood via the analysis of professional wisdom. Wise decisions are needed where action or insight is vital, but neither everyday nor expert knowledge provides solutions... Read more>>

After witnessing the trial of Adolf Eichmann, Hannah Arendt was particularly astonished not by the criminal's horrific deeds during the Holocaust but by his thoughtlessness. Thoughtlessness is not stupidity but the inability or failure to think from... Read more>>

By Howard C. Nusbaum, et al. "The human brain demonstrates complex yet systematic patterns of neural activity at rest. We examined whether functional connectivity among those brain regions typically active during rest depends on ongoing and recent... Read more>>

Christopher Suhler and Patricia Churchland "In the target article discussion of the Changing Ethical Norms category, Kon (2009) rightly highlights the contributions psychological research can make to bioethics. In this commentary, we suggest that... Read more>>

The macromarketing system is largely the function of many micromarketing decisions made each day. But this connection has not been probed thoroughly in the macromarketing literature, and there is a need for conceptual frameworks that can successfully... Read more>>

Jonathan M. Weinberg and Stephen Crowley Experimental philosophy is often regarded as a category mistake. Even those who reject that view typically see it as irrelevant to standard philosophical projects. We argue that neither of these claims can be sustained... Read more>>

A recent publication by one of our grantees and colleagues, Heidi Levitt. This article presents a grounded theory analysis of the experience of sustaining an abiding curiosity. Results emphasize how curiosity became inherently motivating and pleasurable... Read more>>

Co-authored by one of our grantees, Eddy Nahmias. "In this paper, we examine Adam Feltz and Edward Cokely’s recent claim that “the personality trait extraversion predicts people’s intuitions about the relationship of determinism to free will and... Read more>>

Emmanuel M. Pothos and Jerome R. Busemeyer Two experimental tasks in psychology, the two-stage gambling game and the Prisoner's Dilemma game, show that people violate the sure thing principle of decision theory. These paradoxical findings have resisted... Read more>>

"In this groundbreaking look at the evolution of our brains, eminent neuroscientists Gary Lynch and Richard Granger uncover the mysteries of the outsize intelligence of our ancestors, who had bigger brains than humans living today. Weaving together... Read more>>

J oanna S wann " This paper draws on the philosophy of Karl Popper to present a descriptive evolutionary epistemology that offers philosophical solutions to the following related problems: 'What happens when learning takes place?' and 'What... Read more>>

D avid C arr & D on S kinner "Perhaps the most pressing issue concerning teacher education and training since the end of the Second World War has been that of the role of theory—or principled reflection—in professional expertise. Here, although... Read more>>

Steven R. Quartz Many models of judgment and decision-making posit distinct cognitive and emotional contributions to decision-making under uncertainty. Cognitive processes typically involve exact computations according to a cost-benefit calculus, whereas... Read more>>

Adam Feltz and Edward T. Cokely "Recently, there has been an increased interest in folk intuitions about freedom and moral responsibility from both philosophers and psychologists. We aim to extend our understanding of folk intuitions about freedom... Read more>>

Neeru Paharia, Karim S. Kassam, Joshua D. Greene and Max H. Bazerman When powerful people cause harm, they often do so indirectly through other people. Are harmful actions carried out through others evaluated less negatively than harmful actions carried... Read more>>

by Jeffrey A. Greene and Scott C. Brown Researchers are gaining an interest in the concept of wisdom, a more holistic yet often ineffable educational outcome. Models of wisdom abound, but few have rigorously tested measures. This study looks at Brown... Read more>>

Feltz, A., Cokely, E.T., Nadelhoffer, T. In the free will literature, some compatibilists and some incompatibilists claim that their views best capture ordinary intuitions concerning free will and moral responsibility. One goal of researchers working... Read more>>

David F. Ford The origins of scriptural reasoning, in which Jews, Christians and Muslims study their scriptures in conversation with each other, are described. Some maxims implicit in its form of Abrahamic collegiality are distilled (including the emphasis... Read more>>

Liviu G. Cri an, Simona Pan , Romana Vulturar, Renata M. Heilman, Raluca Szekely,Bogdan Drug and Andrei C. Miu Serotonin (5-HT) modulates emotional and cognitive functions such as fear conditioning (FC) and decision making. This study investigated the... Read more>>

Arwen B. Long, Cynthia M. Kuhn and Michael L. Platt Some people love taking risks, while others avoid gambles at all costs. The neural mechanisms underlying individual variation in preference for risky or certain outcomes, however, remain poorly understood... Read more>>

This article compares some aspects of Saint Augustine's philosophy with the ideas that underlay mindfulness work in modern psychotherapy. It suggests that some ideas current in behavioral treatments like ACT, DBT and FAP can be recognised in Saint... Read more>>

Jason A. Clark In the last 10 years, several authors including Griffiths and Matthen have employed classificatory principles from biology to argue for a radical revision in the way that we individuate psychological traits. Arguing that the fundamental... Read more>>

James A.R. Marshall and Nigel R. Franks "What is cognition? We favour the following definition of cognition: “cognition [is] the ability to use internal representations of information acquired in separate events, and to combine these to generate... Read more>>

Parashkev Nachev, Yee-Haur Mah and Masud Husain A new study mapping the functional effects of brain lesions has revealed a surprising map of human intelligence, stimulating a re-evaluation of data from purely correlative methods such as functional magnetic... Read more>>

Ellouise Leadbeater The recent finding that female Drosophila copy the mate-choice criteria of other females introduces a mainstream model species to the study of how animals use social information. Read the article. Read more>>

Johan J. Bolhuis & Clive D. L. Wynne "Biologists have tended to assume that closely related species will have similar cognitive abilities. Johan J. Bolhuis and Clive D. L. Wynne put this evolutionarily inspired idea through its paces. Darwin's... Read more>>

Martin Heisenberg Scientists and philosophers are using new discoveries in neuroscience to question the idea of free will. They are misguided, says Martin Heisenberg. Examining animal behaviour shows how our actions can be free... Read the essay. Read more>>

by Ellen J. Langer "If we could turn back the clock psychologically, could we also turn it back physically? For more than thirty years, award-winning social psychologist Ellen Langer has studied this provocative question, and now, in Counterclockwise... Read more>>

Excerpt: " Transhumanism is the view that humans should be permitted to use technology in order to re-make human nature, offered as the next stage in human evolution. It differs from posthumanism in as much as posthumanity is largely concerned with... Read more>>

Perspective on wisdom, holism, and epistemics, a term used to describe the systematic study of subjective knowledge. This article is a commentary on the Neurobiology of Wisdom article in the same issue and journal. by James C. Harris, M.D. There is in... Read more>>